The FAZIA project in Europe: R&D phase

Abstract

Abstract. The goal of the FAZIA Collaboration is the design of a new-generation 4π detector array for heavy-ion collisions with radioactive beams. This article summarizes the main results of the R&D phase, devoted to the search for significant improvements of the techniques for charge and mass identification of reaction products. This was obtained by means of a systematic study of the basic detection module, consisting of two transmission-mounted silicon detectors followed by a CsI(Tl) scintillator. Significant improvements in ΔE-E and pulse-shape techniques were obtained by controlling the doping homogeneity and the cutting angles of silicon and by putting severe constraints on thickness uniformity. Purposely designed digital electronics contributed to identification quality. The issue of possible degradation related to radiation damage of silicon was also addressed. The experimental activity was accompanied by studies on the physics governing signal evolution in silicon. The good identification quality obtained with the prototypes during the R&D phase, allowed us to investigate also some aspects of isospin physics, namely isospin transport and odd-even staggering. Now, after the conclusion of the R&D period, the FAZIA Collaboration has entered the demonstrator phase, with the aim of verifying the applicability of the devised solutions for the realization of a larger-scale experimental set-up.

Liquid–Gas phase transition in nuclei

“…A robust reconstruction of primary fragments is also mandatory. Moreover future A and Z identification arrays, like for example FAZIA, are absolutely needed for such studies [269,270]. On the theoretical side more realistic calculations involving collisions between nuclei are also essential.…”

The NUMEN project: NUclear Matrix Elements for Neutrinoless double beta decay

“…The NUMEN Phase 4 will consist of a series of experimental campaigns at high beam intensities (some pA) and integrated charge of hundreds of mC up to C, for the experiments in which γ-coincidence measurements are required, spanning all the variety of 0νββ decay candidate isotopes of interest, like: 48 Ca, 76 Ge, 76 Se, 82 Se, 96 Zr, 100 Mo, 106 Cd, 110 Pd, 116 Cd, 110 Sn, 124 Sn, 128 Te, 130 Te, 136 Xe, 130 Xe, 148 Nd, 150 Nd, 154 Sm, 160 Gd, 198 Pt.…”

“…Specific studies on the target uniformities produced by the evaporation procedure are in progress (see Section 6.4) in order to find the best conditions for each atomic species. 48 Ca* 3832 48 Ti 983 76 Ge* 563 76 Se 559 78 Se 614 78 Kr * 455 82 Se* 655 82 Kr 776 92 Zr 934 92 Mo * 1509 96 Zr* 1582 96 Mo 778 96 Mo 778 96 Ru * 833 100 Mo* 536 100 Ru 539 106 Pd 512 106 Cd * 633 110 Pd* 374 110 Cd 658 116 Cd* 513 116 Sn 1294 124 Sn* 1132 124 Te 603 124 Te 603 124 Xe * 354 128 Te* 743 128 Xe 443 130 Te* 840 130 Xe 536 130 Xe 536 130 Ba * 357 136 Xe* 1313 136 Ba 818 136 Ba 818 136 Ce * 552 148 Nd* 302 148 Sm 550 150 Nd* 130 150 Sm 334 154 Sm* 82 154 Gd 123 160 Gd* 75 160 Dy 87 198 Pt* 407…”

“…Several nuclear physics experiments [195] [196] [197] [198] have adopted the telescope solution to study and identify reaction products. This consists of at least two detectors assembled such that the particles of interest cross the first and stop into the second.…”

The SPES Project at LNL: Status of the Project, Technical Challenges, Instrumentation, Scientific Program

“…Large efforts are devoted to the upgrading of installed experimental set-ups (PRISMA [13], GARFIELD [14], etc.). The developments of new instrumentation (AGATA [16], NEDA [19], FAZIA [18], GALILEO [15], ATS − ACTAR [17], PARIS [20], TRACE [21], etc.) are also performed within international collaborations in order to carry out up-to-date experimentation at SPES, as it was recently discussed in the 2 nd International SPES Workshop (May 26-28, 2014), where about 40 Letters of Intents have been presented and discussed with the Scientific Advisory Commitee [22].…”