The Fear of COVID-19 and Flourishing: Assessing the Mediating Role of Sense of Control in International Students

Elemo, Aman Sado; Ahmed, Abdulatif Hajjismael; Kara, Ergün; Zerkeshi, Mufti Kasim

doi:10.1007/s11469-021-00522-1

Cited by 26 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The cutoff points for a case finding are 10 for depression, 8 for anxiety, and 15 for stress. The depression subscale consists of items 3, 5, 10, 13, 16, 17, and 21 with scores ranging from normal (0-9), mild (10)(11)(12)(13), moderate (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20), severe (21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27), to extremely severe (28+). The anxiety subscale consists of items 2, 4, 7, 9, 15, 19, and 20, with scores ranging from normal (0-7), mild (8)(9), moderate (10)(11)(12)(13)(14), severe (15)(16)(17)(18)(19), to extremely severe (20+).…”

Section: Depression Anxiety and Stress Scalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The depression subscale consists of items 3, 5, 10, 13, 16, 17, and 21 with scores ranging from normal (0-9), mild (10)(11)(12)(13), moderate (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20), severe (21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27), to extremely severe (28+). The anxiety subscale consists of items 2, 4, 7, 9, 15, 19, and 20, with scores ranging from normal (0-7), mild (8)(9), moderate (10)(11)(12)(13)(14), severe (15)(16)(17)(18)(19), to extremely severe (20+). Finally, the stress subscale consists of items 1, 6, 8, 11, 12, 14, and 18, with scores ranging from normal (0-14), mild (15)(16)(17)(18), moderate (19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25), severe (26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)…”

Section: Depression Anxiety and Stress Scalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The local hospital identified the coronavirus on January 7, 2020, and named it severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (3). On January 30 of the same year, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) (4), the official name of the new disease was named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19) on February 11, 2020 (5). It was officially declared as a global pandemic on March 11, 2020 (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At present, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the magnitude of psychological outcomes and associated factors by using standardized rating scales among the international students living in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. Not only during the COVID-19 outbreak but also during previous bio-disasters that there had been less information about the mental health status among international students around the world (18)(19)(20). Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the psychological outcomes among international students who remained in China during the COVID-19 epidemic period by quantifying the magnitude of depression, anxiety, stress, insomnia, psychological distress, loneliness, and fear by analyzing potential risk factors associated with these symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Psychological Outcomes and Associated Factors Among the International Students Living in China During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Alam

et al. 2021

Front. Psychiatry

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Background: The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has created a severe mental health problem for international students living in China. Despite the little information on the psychological impact on international students, we aimed to assess the psychological outcomes and associated factors among international students currently living in China during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: An online cross-sectional survey was conducted from May 28, 2020 to June 12, 2020 on 402 full-time international students across 26 provinces in China. The frequency of symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, insomnia, psychological distress, loneliness, and fear was assessed with the English versions of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6), University of California, Los Angeles, Loneliness Scale (UCLA-LS), and Fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19S) scales, respectively.Results: The prevalence of symptoms of depression (73.4%), anxiety (76.6%), stress (58.5%), insomnia (77.6%), psychological distress (71.4%), loneliness (62.4%), and fear (73.1%) among international students during the COVID-19 pandemic was shown. The prevalence of moderate to extremely severe symptoms of all psychological outcomes was significantly associated with 26–30-year-old students, students who lived with roommates, and students who stayed in China shorter than 2 years. Participants in the central region reported significantly moderate to extremely severe symptom levels of all the psychological outcomes except fear symptoms. Univariate analysis indicated that a significant association of all psychological outcomes was found among 26–30-year-old students and students who stayed in China shorter than 2 years. Multivariate analysis showed that Engineering, Business, Social Sciences and Law, and Language students were significantly associated with the symptoms of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and fear. Participants staying in China for shorter than 2 years were associated with a higher risk of all psychological outcomes except psychological distress and loneliness symptoms.Conclusions: We found a higher prevalence of psychological outcomes and risk factors among international students during the COVID-19 pandemic. We immediately appealed to university authorities, mental health professionals, and government officials to provide mental health interventions and strategies for their international students, particularly young, central region students, living with roommates, different study backgrounds, and short time staying during the pandemic.

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Section: Depression Anxiety and Stress Scalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Depression Anxiety and Stress Scalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Psychological Outcomes and Associated Factors Among the International Students Living in China During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Alam

et al. 2021

Front. Psychiatry

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“…En estos tiempos de emergencia sanitaria nos damos cuenta de lo importante del cuidado de nuestra salud, y en especial de la salud mental, debido a que este virus ha provocado un alto impacto psicológico negativo como la ansiedad, depresión, tristeza, angustia, temor, miedo, ira y estrés en toda la población general, resaltando entre ellos las mujeres que han sido las más afectadas, por otro lado, el no haber una cura específica para contrarrestar el virus y saber hasta cuándo estará entre nosotros, genera preocupación y miedo (28)(29)(30) .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Miedo al COVID-19 en residentes de un Asentamiento Humano en Puente Piedra, Lima

Castillo-Zelaya

Gonzales-Nolasco

2021

Ágora

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Objetivos: Identificar el miedo al COVID-19 en residentes de un Asentamiento Humano en Puente Piedra, Lima. Materiales y métodos: Esta investigación fue desarrollado desde el enfoque cuantitativo, su diseño fue descriptivo-transversal. La población estuvo conformada por 500 participantes. La técnica de recolección de datos fue la encuesta y el instrumento de medición fue la Escala de Miedo al COVID-19 (FCV-19S), que consta de 7 ítems y 2 dimensiones. Resultados: En cuanto a los participantes, los varones representan el 45,4% (n=227) y las mujeres el 54,6% (n=273). En relación miedo al COVID-19, predominó nivel alto con 58% (n=209), seguido del medio del nivel medio en un 21,8% (n=109) y bajo con 20,2% (n=101). En cuanto a las dimensiones, en reacciones al miedo emocional predominó nivel medio con 50,2% (n=252), seguido del alto en un 35,4% (n=177) y bajo con 14,2% (n=71); en expresiones somáticas al miedo predominó el nivel bajo con 48,4% (n=242), seguido del medio en un 42% (n=210) y alto con 9,6% (n=48). Conclusiones: En cuando al miedo al COVID-19 predominó el nivel medio, seguido del alto y bajo. En relación a sus dimensiones, en reacciones al miedo emocional predomino el nivel medio, seguido del nivel alto y bajo; en expresiones somáticas al miedo predomino nivel bajo, seguido del medio y alto. En cuanto al sexo, las mujeres presentaron más miedo al COVID-19 que los participantes varones.

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Psychological Capital, Well-being, and Distress of International Students

Prasath

Xiong

Zhang

et al. 2022

Int J Adv Counselling

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International students continue to experience myriad of challenges, some of which further transpired disproportionately during the COVID-19 pandemic era. To this effect, this study investigated psychological capital (PsyCap), psychological distress, and well-being among 188 international students attending U.S universities. Results using Hayes PROCESS indicated that well-being mediated the relationship between PsyCap and psychological distress and in particular moderated the relationship between PsyCap and depression. When higher education institutions are considering steps to mitigate psychological distress experienced by international students during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond, based on the findings of our study, we suggest investing efforts and resources into two aspects: (a) promotion of positive mental health and well-being and (b) identification and development of positive psychological capital. We further discuss these results and implications for mental health promotion of international students in light of its limitations and recommendations for future research.

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The Fear of COVID-19 and Flourishing: Assessing the Mediating Role of Sense of Control in International Students

Cited by 26 publications

References 18 publications

Psychological Outcomes and Associated Factors Among the International Students Living in China During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Psychological Outcomes and Associated Factors Among the International Students Living in China During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Miedo al COVID-19 en residentes de un Asentamiento Humano en Puente Piedra, Lima

Psychological Capital, Well-being, and Distress of International Students

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