The Fear of Death and the Fear of Dying

Collett, Lora-Jean; Lester, David

doi:10.1080/00223980.1969.10543496

Cited by 375 publications

(184 citation statements)

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“…Over time, projective tests have been largely replaced by selfreport measures due to their greater reliability, validity and ease of administration and as part of a general shift away from psychodynamics (16). Although several self-report scales have been developed to assess death anxiety, these were not specifically designed for use in the context of imminent dying and death from illness (17,18,19,20,21,22 The DADDS was designed as an empirical outcome to assess the effectiveness of psychosocial and early palliative care interventions to alleviate death anxiety in advanced cancer. It was intended for use in patients with a prognosis greater than 6 months to allow sufficient time to intervene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initial Validation of the Death and Dying Distress Scale for the Assessment of Death Anxiety in Patients With Advanced Cancer

Krause

Rydall

Hales

et al. 2015

Journal of Pain and Symptom Management

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How to cite TSpace itemsAlways cite the published version, so the author(s) will receive recognition through services that track citation counts, e.g. Scopus. If you need to cite the page number of the author manuscript from TSpace because you cannot access the published version, then cite the TSpace version in addition to the published version using the permanent URI (handle) found on the record page.This article was made openly accessible by U of T Faculty. Please tell us how this access benefits you. Your story matters. 1 Full citation and link to published version:Krause S, Rydall A, Hales S, Rodin G, Lo C. Abstract ContextThe experience of death anxiety in patients with advanced cancer has been understudied partly due to the lack of a tailored measure for this population. The Death and Dying Distress Scale (DADDS) was constructed to address this gap. Although an initial version of this instrument has shown promising psychometric properties, validation of the finalized version is needed. ObjectivesThis study aims to validate the recent 15-item DADDS by examining its factor structure and construct validity. MethodsSixty participants with advanced or metastatic cancer were recruited from the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada, into a pilot trial of a psychological intervention. This paper analyzes the baseline measures on death anxiety, depressive symptoms (PHQ-9, SCID), generalized anxiety (GAD-7), and preparation for end of life (QUAL-EC). Exploratory factor analysis was conducted. Construct validity was assessed by correlations between measures. ResultsFactor analysis revealed a dominant single factor explaining over 75% of the shared variation between items. Factor loadings were high, ranging from 0.57 to 0.86. Item communalities were evenly ranged from 0.33 to 0.75 and with the 15:1 variable to factor ratio, suggest the viability of parameter estimates despite the small sample size. Cronbach's alpha was 0.95. Death anxiety was associated with less preparation for end of life, r = -0.68, p < 0.0001, and more generalized anxiety, r = 0.63, p < 0.0001, and depressive symptom severity, r = 0.50, p < 0.0001. Individuals with major depression had greater death anxiety than the non-depressed, mean difference = 17, CI .95 = (1.5, 33), as did individuals with minor depression, mean difference = 25, CI .95 = (10, 41). ConclusionThe DADDS is a valid measure of death anxiety in patients with advanced cancer. It may provide useful information in the assessment and treatment of distress in patients near the end of life.4

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initial Validation of the Death and Dying Distress Scale for the Assessment of Death Anxiety in Patients With Advanced Cancer

Krause

Rydall

Hales

et al. 2015

Journal of Pain and Symptom Management

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“…Thus, four sub-scales were distinguished: fear of one's own death, fear of other persons' death, fear of one's own dying process and fear of other persons' dying process (1)(2) . Cronbach's alpha were eliminted, resulting in a final 28-item version (3) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of Collett-Lester's Fear of Death Scale in a sample of nursing students

Venegas

Alvarado

Barriga

2011

Rev. Latino-Am. Enfermagem

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This study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of Collett-Lester's Fear of Death Scale. A sample of 349 nursing students answered Fear of Death and Attitude toward death scales. Content validity was checked by expert review; reliability was proven using Cronbach's alpha; statistical analysis of the items, correlation between items and construct validity were checked by the correlation of the Scale with the Attitude toward death Scale.The multidimensionality of the scale was reviewed through factor analysis with varimax rotation. The Fear of Death Scale possesses good internal consistency and construct validity, confirmed by the significant correlation with the Attitude toward death Scale. Factor analysis partially supports content validity of the subscale items, but presented a modified multidimensional structure that points towards the reconceptualization of the subscales in this sample. Validación de la Escala de Miedo a la Muerte de Collett-Lester en una muestra de estudiantes de EnfermeríaEl presente trabajo tiene el objetivo de evaluar las características psicométricas de la Escala del Miedo a la Muerte de Collett-Lester. Material y método: una muestra de 349 estudiantes respondieron las Escala de Miedo a la Muerte y Actitud ante la Muerte. La validez de contenido fue revisada por expertos, la confiabilidad se comprobó mediante el Coeficiente alfa de Cronbach; se verificó el análisis de los resultados estadísticos, correlación entre elementos y la validez del constructo a través de la correlación con la escala: Actitud ante la Muerte. Se revisó la multidimensionalidad de la escala a través del análisis factorial con el método Rotación Varimax. La Escala Miedo a la Muerte tiene buena consistencia interna y una validez de constructo confirmada por la correlación significativa con la otra Escala de Actitud ante la muerte. El análisis factorial apoya parcialmente la validez de contenido de los ítems de las subescalas, presentado una estructura multidimensional adicional, que orienta hacia una reconceptualización de las subescalas en la muestra estudiada.

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“…However , 1n 1974, Ray and Najman found higher death anxiety 1n mo l os than fema l os , as asscssed by the TOr.lp l cr sCilla. In a s tudy using thr ea difforent 8 c~lc 8 and s tudonts as subjects, Krioger , Epting, and Loit-ncr (1 974) found fomales wero les8 throatcned by doa th (me;ls urcd by a Thrcot Indox) than males ;lnd a180 showod le88 fonr of death (meAsured by tho Collott-ue8ter FOGr ot Death Scale, Collett and Lester, 1969 and found that cho more femini no females had a groater Coar of doath ot otl,era than 108s feminino female.. Thorofare, the finding. thu8 far lr.dicato that fe:aalea fear death with reqard to the death o f others, the death of lrved onO I , and 10 •• of love.…”

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confidence: 99%

Sex and Marital Status Differences in Death Anxiety

Cole

1979

Omega (Westport)

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Previous research in death anxiety has suggested that marital roles, and especially the male's role as the family provider, influence the sex differences in death attitudes. This study investigated the effect of marital roles by comparing sex differences in death anxiety scores of married persons with and without children, and of single persons. In addition, twenty demographic covariates were investigated to observe their possible effect on death anxiety. The results of the multiple regression analysis indicated that marital status was not significantly related to death anxiety. However, single males were found to have significantly higher death anxiety than single females. Whether a family member or friend had died in the last year, education, race, age, and religious preference were also significantly related.

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The Fear of Death and the Fear of Dying

Cited by 375 publications

References 4 publications

Initial Validation of the Death and Dying Distress Scale for the Assessment of Death Anxiety in Patients With Advanced Cancer

Initial Validation of the Death and Dying Distress Scale for the Assessment of Death Anxiety in Patients With Advanced Cancer

Validation of Collett-Lester's Fear of Death Scale in a sample of nursing students

Sex and Marital Status Differences in Death Anxiety

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