The feasibility and efficacy of early-season releases of a generalist predator (<i>Forficula auricularia</i>L.) to control populations of the RAA (<i>Dysaphis plantaginea</i>Passerini) in Southeastern France

Dib, Hazem; Jamont, Marie; Sauphanor, Benoît; Capowiez, Yvan

doi:10.1017/s0007485315001042

Cited by 16 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In addition, unlike under field conditions, a single food resource was available in this study (RAA). The results obtained in this laboratory study should be further completed and validated by supplementary semi-field and field studies (e.g., Dib et al, 2016b). In an orchard, both predators have even less chance of meeting, and in the case of low numbers of aphids, the earwig may turn to other prey, whereas in the laboratory syrphid was the only alternative prey.…”

Section: Predator Survival and Intraguild Predationmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…This could also reduce the probability of IGP occurring between the two predators in this study. The results obtained in this laboratory study should be further completed and validated by supplementary semi-field and field studies (e.g., Dib et al, 2016b).…”

Section: Predator Survival and Intraguild Predationmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…As the natural level of natural enemies does not reliably provide effective control of RAA, which arrives early in the season (Wyss et al, 1999a;Miñarro et al, 2005;Brown & Mathews, 2007;Dib et al, 2010a), enhancing this level through augmentative approaches (Dib et al, 2016b) or habitat management (Dib et al, 2012) is desirable. Previous studies showed that the marmalade fly, Episyrphus balteatus De Geer (Diptera: Syrphidae), and the European earwig, Forficula auricularia L. (Dermaptera: Forficulidae), are among the most abundant predators seen in RAA colonies (Miñarro et al, 2005;Brown & Mathews, 2007;Dib et al, 2010a,b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In southeastern France, earwigs are found in rolled leaves caused by RAA infestation (Forrest & Dixon, 1975) or artificial shelters of rolls of corrugated cardboard at the end of April, whereas RAA infestations begin at the beginning of April (Dib, 2010). Mass-rearing of earwigs under laboratory conditions is possible, allowing for augmentative release to increase their abundance in earlier stages of RAA infestation (Dib et al, 2016b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Individual and combined effects of the generalist Forficula auricularia and the specialist Episyrphus balteatus on Dysaphis plantaginea – are two predators better than one?

Dib

Jamont

Sauphanor

et al. 2016

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Individual and combined effects of the generalist Forficula auricularia and the specialist Episyrphus balteatus on Dysaphis plantagineaare two predators better than one? AbstractThe interactions between specialist and generalist natural enemies could affect the success of biological pest control, especially in augmentation programmes. The aim of this laboratory study was to quantitate the individual and combined effects of the generalist predator Forficula auricularia L. (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) and the specialist Episyrphus balteatus De Geer (Diptera: Syrphidae) on the population growth of the rosy apple aphid (RAA), Dysaphis plantaginea Passerini (Hemiptera: Aphididae). The experiment was carried out using apple seedlings with five levels of initial RAA infestation. In most cases, both predator species (alone and in combination) were able to reduce RAA densities or to keep them at their initial level. This suppression effect was greater when RAA densities were low and resulted in near-complete mortality of the RAA colony after 4-6 days. Without predators, RAA population size almost doubled within 10 days, whereas with predators, RAA population size was reduced by about 20 (alone) and 50% (in combination). Although RAA numbers in the two-predators treatment were ca. 81% of RAA numbers in the one-predator treatment for pooled numbers across dates and densities, the difference between the two treatments was not significant. Some predator mortality occurred with first and second instars of the syrphid larvae and only at the two lowest initial RAA infestation levels. This mortality may be explained by inadequate food supply, intraguild predation (IGP) (in 13.3% of the possible cases), or both. However, the incidence of IGP under natural conditions could be even less frequent, as both predators were never observed on the same leaf.

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Section: Predator Survival and Intraguild Predationmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Predator Survival and Intraguild Predationmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Individual and combined effects of the generalist Forficula auricularia and the specialist Episyrphus balteatus on Dysaphis plantaginea – are two predators better than one?

Dib

Jamont

Sauphanor

et al. 2016

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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“…In apple orchards, the rosy apple aphid (Disaphys plantaginea) is one of the main pests (Dib, Jamont, Sauphanor, & Capowiez, 2016). It is particularly difficult to control due to its rapid growth rate and early presence in spring even at low temperatures, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal activity of spiders and earwigs during winter in apple trees under a Mediterranean climate

Belkair

Mazzia

Pasquet

et al. 2018

Biocontrol Science and Technology

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It is well known that spiders are present in high numbers in orchards and may contribute to biocontrol. Some recent studies in central Europe further showed that some spiders are active year-round and consume pests even in winter. Using cardboard traps laid every two weeks, we carried out a survey to determine which spider and earwig species are active from September to May in an experimental, pesticide-free, apple orchard under a Mediterranean climate. We observed that spider activity was never completely absent. The structure of the spider communities showed a marked seasonality in three periods (so-called 'autumn', 'winter' and 'spring'). Only two spider genera, Philodromus and Trachelas, were highly active in winter (percentage of catches during this season above 40%) and six others (Lathys, Clubiona, Gnaphosa, Theridion, Phrurolithus) had moderate activity (between 20 and 40%). The two earwig species had different patterns of winter activity with Forficula auricularia almost absent whereas F. pubescens was moderately active on trees. Spider community abundance, diversity and evenness significantly decreased between autumn and winter and remained low in the following spring probably because the attractiveness of the traps is much lower at this time of year due to mild temperatures and the presence of leaves on the trees. Winter-active spiders could contribute to pest biocontrol during the cold season and we advocate that the use of broadspectrum pesticides at the end of winter, as classically applied in orchards, may be counter-productive for pest control. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Harnessing the aphid life cycle to reduce insecticide reliance in apple and peach orchards. A review

Rousselin

Bevacqua

Sauge

et al. 2017

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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Apple and peach orchards are chemicalintensive systems, and aphids are one of their major pests. Aphids alter fruiting and shoot development, and they can spread viruses. Decades of insecticide use have developed aphid resistance, which calls on research to provide alternatives to chemicals for pest management. Here, we review the literature to identify, for each stage of the aphid life cycle, existing alternatives based on either top-down (i.e. aphid predation or parasitism) or bottom up (i.e. increase of host plant resistance) processes. Firstly, it was found that most studies focus on topdown processes, namely on conservation biological control aiming to preserve existing populations of natural enemies: predators, parasitoids and nematodes. This is achieved by (i) providing shelters (i.e. planting hedges, weed or flower strips) or alternative preys in periods of aphid scarcity or (ii) choosing chemicals with the lowest disruptive effects. Those methods prove more efficient when used early in the season, i.e. before the exponential increase of aphid populations. Fostering the complex of natural enemies is also preferable than just supporting one single enemy. Secondly, other techniques, like (i) releasing biological control agents (entomopathogenic fungi, nematodes) or (ii) using pheromone lures to prevent autumnal sexual reproduction, are currently adapted for their use in orchard conditions. Thirdly, bottom-up regulation has to be devised as a long-term strategy, which could start by choosing a cultivar enabling genetic avoidance or developing genetic resistance. Then, aphid development can be reduced by the control of shoot growth or nitrogen accumulation in response to pruning or moderate water and nutrient inputs. At last, autumnal return of aphids could be disrupted by techniques such as kaolin applications that impair aphid host plant location. It is concluded that these alternative methods have to be adapted to local conditions and combined in long-term strategies in order to decrease the infestation risks throughout the orchard lifespan.

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The feasibility and efficacy of early-season releases of a generalist predator (Forficula auriculariaL.) to control populations of the RAA (Dysaphis plantagineaPasserini) in Southeastern France

Cited by 16 publications

References 30 publications

Individual and combined effects of the generalist Forficula auricularia and the specialist Episyrphus balteatus on Dysaphis plantaginea – are two predators better than one?

Individual and combined effects of the generalist Forficula auricularia and the specialist Episyrphus balteatus on Dysaphis plantaginea – are two predators better than one?

Temporal activity of spiders and earwigs during winter in apple trees under a Mediterranean climate

Harnessing the aphid life cycle to reduce insecticide reliance in apple and peach orchards. A review

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