The Feasibility of Elimination of Monkeypox Virus in Nigeria: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Monkeypox is a zoonotic virus with an increasing incidence in Nigeria, posing significant public health challenges. The virus, related to smallpox, primarily spreads through direct contact with infected animals or humans and has been noted for its potential for wider transmission due to changing ecological and social dynamics. This research aims to evaluate the feasibility of eliminating monkeypox in Nigeria through integrated approaches involving vaccination, public health strategies, and ecological management. Additionally, it seeks to propose a unified public health strategy, incorporating One Health principles, to achieve the elimination of monkeypox in Nigeria. A review of the feasibility of eliminating the monkeypox virus in Nigeria was conducted using databases like Science Direct, Cochrane, PubMed, and Medline. The search was guided by the methodologies and reporting guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The initial search yielded 89 publications, but the number of articles that required examination was reduced after applying selected keywords and evaluating abstracts. We deemed 32 articles relevant to the subject after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. The findings are analyzed, highlighting their limitations and strengths and discussing practical implications, knowledge gaps, and recommendations for future research. This study provides evidence supporting the feasibility of the elimination of the monkeypox virus in Nigeria. Strategic recommendations for a sustainable public health approach to eliminating monkeypox emphasize preventive measures, community engagement, and ecological preservation. This study will provide critical insights into the feasibility of eliminating monkeypox in Nigeria, offering a model that can be adapted for other regions facing similar challenges. The integration of health, ecological, and community-focused strategies is expected to contribute significantly to global efforts to control and potentially eradicate monkeypox. This research could serve as a foundational study for public health authorities in Nigeria and internationally, informing policy and operational decisions to control and eliminate monkeypox as a public health threat. The monkeypox virus reemerges in Nigeria, increasing mortality rates. Awareness programs should be conducted on its danger, transmission mode, and potential human transmission. Public education on the lack of treatment and vaccines is crucial. Meat inspection laws should be enforced to ensure safe animal consumption.