The Features Analysis of Hemoglobin Expression on Visual Information Transmission Pathway in Early Stage of Alzheimer's Disease

Abstract

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized primarily by cognitive impairment. The motivation of this paper is to explore the features of the visual information transmission pathway (V-H pathway) when AD occurs. The following features were observed: 1. Hemoglobin expression on the brain regions of the V-H pathway becomes dysregulated as AD occurs. 2. V-H pathway becomes more dysfunctional. According to the features, the following conclusion was proposed: As neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) increase, more and more abnormal tau proteins penetrate the bloodstream and arrive at the brain regions of the V-H pathway. The hemoglobin molecules have a higher risk of attacking by abnormal tau proteins or other toxic substances. Under the attack of toxic substances, hemoglobin expression becomes more dysregulated, and the V-H pathway becomes dysfunctional. This dysfunction has an impact on early symptoms of AD, such as spatial recognition disorder and face recognition disorder.