The Feeding Mechanisms of Spire-Bearing Fossil Brachiopods

Rudwick, Martin J. S.

doi:10.1017/s0016756800061720

Cited by 63 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Like the conical plankton net, the collecting capacity of such a spirolophe would be a function of the total surface area of each spiral brachium (as correctly ascertained by Rudwick 1960aRudwick , 1962Rudwick , 1970Fü rsich & Hurst 1974). Thus, viewed as an efficient seston-collecting organ, it is easy to envisage each spirolophe (of the pair) operating like a static, semi-rigid, plankton net forming integral elements of a larger pump-filter system (compare Figs 2A, 6A-C).…”

Section: Evaluation and Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 95%

A reappraisal of feeding current systems inferred for spire-bearing brachiopods

Manceñido¹,

Gourvennec²

2007

Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Socie

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International audienceSpire-bearing brachiopods formally comprise four different rhynchonelliform orders. A calcified spiral brachidium (presumably supporting a spirolophe when alive) and variable median fold and sulcus (probably aiding separation of incurrent from excurrent flows) are peculiar characteristics they all share. Inferences regarding feeding current systems for these extinct taxa have long remained controversial. Two rival models (the Williams–Ager model and the Rudwick–Vogel model) have been developed, each of which has gained supporters as well as critics over the years. In this present paper they are both contrasted and reassessed on the basis of available evidence, together with a new approach that combines: (a) a morpho-functional analysis applying the plankton net as a suitable seston-collecting paradigm; (b) a review of actualistic data showing that all extant spirolophes are functionally inhalant (irrespective of water entering the valves laterally or not); (c) an evaluation of known outcomes from flume experiments yielding consistent empirical results where gaping shells are oriented transversally and dorsally upcurrent; and (d) a reappraisal of the distributions of certain epizoobionts and endosymbionts revealing compatible patterns. The evidence thus accumulated supports the main conclusion that, in most groups (with laterally tapering spiralia), the inhalant current was located medially with the exhalant currents on either side; only in atrypides (with centrally to dorsally tapering spiralia) does the reverse situation appear to have occurred

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Section: Evaluation and Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 95%

A reappraisal of feeding current systems inferred for spire-bearing brachiopods

Manceñido¹,

Gourvennec²

2007

Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Socie

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“…A recent overview including the description of the two competing but mostly accepted models of the filter-feeding system including new analyses has been provided by Manceñido and Gourvennec (2008: tab 1). Following Rudwick (1960Rudwick ( , 1970 and Vogel (1975Vogel ( , 1985, and contrary to Williams and Wright (1961), I propose that the inhalant current entered the brachiopod from the sides through the commissure at the wings, and the waste water was ejected through the margins of the sulcus tongue. The upright position of the sulcus tongue assures the avoidance of the unintended mixture of filtered water from the exhalant current with fresh water from the inhalant current (''chimney effect '' of Vogel 1975).…”

Section: Phylogeny and Paleobiogeographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Leonispirifer leonensis gen. et sp. nov., a rare new delthyridoid spiriferid brachiopod from northern Spain (Brachiopoda, Lower Devonian)

Schemm-Gregory

2010

Paläontol. Z.

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“…). This rigid internal structure has been regarded functionally as a support for the lophophore (Williams ; Rudwick ; Williams & Wright ; Copper ; Williams et al . ; Manceñido & Gourvennec ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All the spire‐bearing taxa are extinct, but the spiral type of lophophores (spirolophe) has been identified in the extant brachiopods which lack the calcareous spiralia (including linguliformean brachiopods as well as rhynchonellides; Emig ). This fact indicates that the spirolophe lophophores in the extinct spire‐bearing brachiopods existed in the form of their spiralia (Rudwick ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Discovery of ventrally directed spiralia in a Permian spiriferellid brachiopod and implications for its feeding system

Lee

Shi

Jung

et al. 2019

LET

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Spiralia are lophophore‐supporting, coiled internal structures developed in some extinct brachiopods. In spite of considerable variations in their orientation, the spiralia of most spiriferide and spiriferinide taxa are known to be laterally directed. Recent studies have shown that these brachiopods consistently have a median inhalant and lateral exhalant feeding system. Here, we report a Permian spiriferellid brachiopod fossil (Spiriferella protodraschei) bearing ventrally directed spiralia in its interior. Using the serial sections of the specimen, we have reconstructed the detailed morphology and orientation of the spiralia. Each spiralium in the specimen does not show the apically tapering pattern supposedly universal in all the known types of spiralia: instead it maintains a similar diameter even at its last whorl. The spiralia appear to have directly developed from strong and anteriorly extended crura, consisting of ten whorls in one side and 13 whorls in the other side. As the morphology and orientation of spiralia are immediately associated with the arrangement of spirolophous lophophore within the mantle cavity, the extraordinary orientation and form of the spiralia indicate that this brachiopod likely had developed a considerably modified feeding pattern with respect to most other spirolophous brachiopods. It is postulated that the inhalant/exhalant current circulation of the species (and its descendants) would be considerably different from that of other spiriferide taxa. In particular, the combination of the vertically oriented life posture (free‐lying with thickened ventral apex bottom) and ventrally directed spiralia resembles both fossil atrypide and modern rhynchonellide brachiopods in the orientation of spirolophe, suggesting that some spiriferellid brachiopods may have developed a lateral inhalant/median exhalant feeding current system. A few spiriferide and spiriferinide brachiopod taxa with a weakly transverse but strongly convex ventral valve are noted to exhibit similar modifications in their spiralia, possibly due to the spatial limitation of their mantle cavities.

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The Feeding Mechanisms of Spire-Bearing Fossil Brachiopods

Cited by 63 publications

References 10 publications

A reappraisal of feeding current systems inferred for spire-bearing brachiopods

A reappraisal of feeding current systems inferred for spire-bearing brachiopods

Leonispirifer leonensis gen. et sp. nov., a rare new delthyridoid spiriferid brachiopod from northern Spain (Brachiopoda, Lower Devonian)

Discovery of ventrally directed spiralia in a Permian spiriferellid brachiopod and implications for its feeding system

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