“…A number of studies identified multiple sources for FLE. They include teacher factors (e.g., predictability, friendliness, patience, behaviors, and use of L2), peer factors (e.g., student cooperation), self-factors (e.g., age, gender, multilingualism, level in the FL, relative standing in class, L2 attitude, attitude towards L2 teacher), content (e.g., novelty of content and difficulty of tasks), and classroom environment in L2 class (e.g., Dewaele & MacIntyre, 2014Dewaele et al 2018;Dewaele, Magdalena Franco et al, 2019;Li et al, 2018;Jiang, 2020;Khajavy et al, 2018;Sampson, 2020).…”