The Female Reproductive System1

Kraemer, D.C.; Cruz, N. C. Vera

doi:10.1159/000393016

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Aside from these collected reports, two endometrial adenocarcinomas have been reported, one in a rhesus monkey (Strozier et al 1972) and the other in a Celebese black macaque (Shaw et al 1989). Only a few epithelial ovarian neoplasms have been reported (Kraemer and Vera Cruz 1972).…”

Section: Spontaneous Incidence Of Reproductive Neoplasmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neoplasms of the Reproductive Tract: The Role of Hormone Exposure

Cline¹

2004

ILAR Journal

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Cancers of the reproductive system are a major source of morbidity and mortality among women worldwide. Because the uterus, ovaries, and cervix are hormonally responsive tissues, exposure to endogenous or exogenous sex steroids can profoundly affect the carcinogenic process. Animal models developed to date provide valuable but imperfect systems in which to study neoplasms of the reproductive tract. Nonhuman primate models share the unique primate-specific endometrial physiology of humans, but rarely develop neoplasms of the reproductive tract. Therefore a surrogate marker approach is required for the study of hormonally induced cancer risk in primates. Rodents provide practical models in which tumorigenesis can be assayed in a short time and, with appropriate interpretation, can be used for assessment of risk, prevention, and therapeutic strategies. In addition to the spontaneous strain-dependent incidence of female reproductive cancers, the classical chemical and hormonal carcinogenesis models, and the use of xenograft approaches, novel genetically modified animals provide unique insights into relevant molecular mechanisms. Caveats in the use of rodent models include anatomical differences from the human reproductive tract, the greater possibility of different metabolic responses to hormonal agents than humans, strain variations in tumor type and hormonal responsiveness, and unexpected tumor phenotypes in genetically modified animals. Reported nonmammalian models are limited primarily to the study of ovarian carcinogenesis. Recent progress in the understanding of cervical carcinogenesis is encouraging. Unmet needs in this area of research include models of early events in ovarian carcinogenesis and strongly predictive models of endometrial cancer risk. Nonhuman primates remain indispensable for the study of some aspects of reproductive pathophysiology, but the best understanding of carcinogenesis in the reproductive tract requires a broad approach using complementary human, nonhuman primate, and nonprimate studies.

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Section: Spontaneous Incidence Of Reproductive Neoplasmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neoplasms of the Reproductive Tract: The Role of Hormone Exposure

Cline¹

2004

ILAR Journal

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“…Benign and malignant spontaneous ovarian tumors have been reported numerous times in non‐human primates, although in most surveys the overall frequency of neoplasms in captive primates has been considered low [see reviews by 4, 5, 17, 25–28, 30, 33, 34, 37, 38, 41, 42, 46, 48, 53]. Most spontaneous neoplasms in non‐human primates have been found in the genus Macaca , primarily because of the large numbers of macaques kept in research laboratories and zoos [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, non‐human primates are excellent animal models of this disease. Numerous authors have reviewed the literature on tumors in non‐human primates [see references from Table 2 and reviews by 4, 5, 17, 25–28, 30, 33, 34, 37, 38, 41, 42, 46, 48, 53]. However, many of these are incomplete and/or have mistakes in the tables or text, which have often been perpetuated by subsequent authors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous ovarian tumors in twelve baboons: a review of ovarian neoplasms in non‐human primates

Moore

Hubbard

Leland³

et al. 2003

J of Medical Primatology

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Twelve spontaneous ovarian tumors were found in the Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research baboon colony. These included four granulosa cell tumors, three teratomas, two endometrioid carcinomas, one seromucinous cystadenofibroma, a cystic papillary adenocarcinoma, and an ovarian carcinoma. Age was a pre-disposing factor. With one exception, the tumors of surface epithelial- and sex cordstromal origin occurred in baboons over 17 years of age. The exceptional animal was 7 years of age when a malignant granulosa cell tumor with Sertoli cell differentiation was identified. The two endometrioid tumors, which were found in 17- and 30-year-old animals, were both associated with endometriosis. In contrast, the teratomas, which are tumors of germ cell origin, were found in younger animals, i.e. 17 years of age or younger. One case of an ovarian carcinoma with metastases was observed in a 6-month-old infant. Cases of spontaneous ovarian tumors from the literature are reviewed.

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“…For example, the frequency of uterine leiomyomas in macaques is very high in comparison to other spontaneous tumours in these species (Takayama et al, 2000). In the literature, reports of uterine tumours have included choriocarcinoma, leiomyoma, adenocarcinoma, cervical papilloma, cervical carcinoma (Kollias, 1979), undifferentiated carcinoma, cystadenoma, adenomyoma, haemangioma and harmatoma (Kraemer and Vera Cruz, 1972). However, except for one listing in a table (Beniashvili, 1994), reports of malignant mesenchymal uterine tumours in primates are missing (Scott, 1992).…”

Section: Introduction and Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

A Spontaneous Uterine Sarcoma in a Rhesus Monkey (Macaca mulatta)

Plesker

Coulibaly

Hetzel

2002

Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A

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In primates, little has been reported about malignant mesenchymal uterine tumours. A case of a spontaneous metastasising uterine sarcoma in a 17-year-old rhesus monkey is presented. Clinically, transient abdominal pain, spasms, nausea, anaemia, a firm uterus and bloody vaginal discharge were noted. In a diagnostic laparoscopy, both massive adhesions in the lesser pelvis and 10 ml of ascites fluid were detected. In necropsy, in addition to peritonitis with massive adhesions, a cauliflower-shaped, irregular, tough, greyish-white uterine tumour was seen. Two cherry-sized tumour metastases were noticed in the greater omentum. In histology, both in the uterus and the metastases, a sarcoma with a low amount of connective tissue and well-differentiated cell nuclei was identified.

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The Female Reproductive System1

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Neoplasms of the Reproductive Tract: The Role of Hormone Exposure

Neoplasms of the Reproductive Tract: The Role of Hormone Exposure

Spontaneous ovarian tumors in twelve baboons: a review of ovarian neoplasms in non‐human primates

A Spontaneous Uterine Sarcoma in a Rhesus Monkey (Macaca mulatta)

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