The feminization of agriculture in post-Soviet Tajikistan

Mukhamedova, Nozilakhon; Wegerich, Kai

doi:10.1016/j.jrurstud.2017.12.009

Cited by 52 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In the past, farming was mostly taken care of by men, who therefore developed a better understanding of their environment surroundings than females [14]. However, in recent years, most males choose to seek employment in big cities, while females stayed in the village and bore more responsibilities for the family, including ensuring food safety and family health [50]. Therefore, women are more concerned about environmental quality, report stronger environmental attitudes, and exhibit higher levels of behavioral adjustments compared with men [34,51].…”

Section: Comprehensive Index Of Environmental Awarenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Environmental Awareness and Its Connection to Local Environmental Management in Water Conservation Zones: The Case of Beijing, China

Wang

Brombal

et al. 2018

Sustainability

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This paper aims at investigating the change over time in the environmental awareness in rural Chinese communities and its correlation with environmental management measures implemented at the local level. We identify three main components of awareness, namely: perception, behavior, and attitude toward environmental management measures. Data were collected from two surveys in three villages in northern China in 2006 and 2015 that interviewed 125 and 129 respondents, respectively, and were analyzed employing an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach. The results discussed in the paper show that environmental awareness increased between 2006-2015, and was mainly manifested in better environmental behavior and understanding of environmental status due an improvement in rural infrastructure and a greater amount of information provided to rural residents about the environment. Place of residence had a considerable influence on respondents' environmental awareness: residents in eco-villages had a higher environmental awareness than those living in common agricultural villages. This appears to indicate a positive nexus between the comprehensiveness of environmental management measures implemented locally, and environmental awareness. Also, the universality of environment issues reduced the importance of socioeconomic and demographic factors in determining the degree of environmental awareness. However, more attention should be paid to villagers' external behavior and inner feelings, such as their attitude to governmental management policies. These findings yield important policy implications that are relevant to the promotion of environmental awareness in China's rural communities, and the adoption of more effective environmental management measures.

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Section: Comprehensive Index Of Environmental Awarenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Environmental Awareness and Its Connection to Local Environmental Management in Water Conservation Zones: The Case of Beijing, China

Wang

Brombal

et al. 2018

Sustainability

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“…An additional regular collaborative task is pursued in Sizhd Village, where after the end of the irrigation period in early autumn, the farmers collectively clean a culvert, which due to local water shortages, supplies additional water from a neighboring valley [60,62]. Despite Mukhamedova's and Wegerich's observation of an increasing "feminization of agriculture in post-Soviet Tajikistan" [63] due to agrarian reforms and seasonal male labor migration, I observed a widespread gendered pattern of intra-household divisions of water-related chores. The representatives of the WUA and local administration of the municipality of Porshnev were the only respondents who mentioned that women are becoming more and more involved in agricultural tasks, which historically were seen as in the male domain [61].…”

Section: Meanings Ascribed To Water By the Rural Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collaborative Action and Social Organization in Remote Rural Regions: Autonomous Irrigation Arrangements in the Pamirs of Tajikistan

Dörre

2020

Water

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This paper proposes a bottom–up “nexus medium” perspective to examine and understand social organization and how socio-ecological challenges in remote rural regions are dealt with in communities that receive only limited external support. While “nexus mediums” constitute substances, matter, or objects that combine manifold vital meanings and can be seen as socially constructed and materialized arenas of social interaction, autonomous resource management is seen as a means of local social organization. Taking water as the nexus medium of choice allows us to generate locally informed insights about the role of this scarce resource for the everyday life and social organization of communities inhabiting arid rural areas. This reasoning will be exemplified by three local case studies conducted during empirical research in the Pamirs of Tajikistan utilizing a mix of qualitative methods. The findings reveal how many fundamental everyday-life-related aspects and activities of the studied communities are related to water, and how these communities are organized around common water use and management arrangements that are based on joint decision-making, shared benefits and responsibilities, and collaborative action. The “nexus medium” concept appears to be an appropriate approach for research that seeks to understand from a local perspective how communal living is organized and how socio-ecological challenges are addressed.

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“…Despite cultural norms, traditions, and the stereotype that "farmers should be men," women have started taking on "male" roles. The major driver of such change was massive male outmigration caused by civil war, poverty, inadequate employment opportunities, and deterioration of the overall economic situation (Slavchevska 2016;FAO 2016a;Mukhamedova and Wegerich 2018;FAO 2019c). Nevertheless, women continue to face specific constraints (Slavchevska 2016).…”

Section: Central Asiamentioning

confidence: 99%