The fiction of function allocation, revisited

Fuld, Robert B.

doi:10.1006/ijhc.1999.0286

Cited by 34 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The methodology must also be resistant to misuse and misapplication. Fuld (1993 [12], 2000 [13]) in particular has been critical of past FA methods for being abstract and based more on 'art' than 'science'. Other met hods were develope d with more rigor and detail, but some designers have misappropriated the original method and oversimplified it to the point that they are essentially misusing the FA method (e.g., Fitts' List).…”

Section: Principle 3: Fa Gu Idance M Ust Be Easy To Understand and Acmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Technical Basis and Guidance for Advanced SMR Function Allocation

Hugo¹,

Gertman²,

Joe³

et al. 2013

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARYT his report presents the results from three key activities for FY2013 that are helping to determine the definition of new concepts of operations for advanced Small Modular Reactors (Adv SMR): a) the development of a framework for the analysis of the functional, environmental, and structural attributes of Adv SM Rs, b) the effect that new technologies and operational concepts would have on the way functions are allocated to humans or machines or combinations of the two, and c) the relationship between new concepts of operations, new function allocations, and human performance requirements.A previous report described some of the principles involved in how Adv SM Rs will use advanced digital instrumentation and control systems, and make greater use of automation. T hese advances not only pose technical and operational challenges, but will undo ubtedly have an effect on the operating and maintenance cost of new plants. It is generally assumed that automation would be the most likely way to reduce the impact of labor on operating and maintenance cost. Howe ver, the effect of automation and other advanced technology on staffing requirements and safety standards has raised many questions and very little research has been conducted to date.For example, the impact of AdvSMR designs on operational and regulatory considerations, such as workload, situation awareness, h uman reliability, staffing levels, and the appropriate allocation of functions between the crew and various plant systems that are likely to be highly automated is largely uncertain and will remain uncertain until empirical research data become available to support the development of sound technical bases. Experience with Adv SM Rs o utside of the US Navy is limited to a very few predecessor plants. In addition, existing human factors and systems engineering design standards are not current in terms of human interaction basics for automated sy stems, and there is a lack of good functional allocation and staffing models that take into account static or dynamic allocation.Given these uncertainties and other issues, it is necessary to develop new Concepts of Operations models as well as new mo dels of function allocation and human performance requirements. T his report explains the relationship between these three requirements and how old paradigm s and methodologies are no longer suitable for the analysis of evolving concepts. The report further explains how the development of new models and guidance for Concepts of Operations need to adopt a state-of-the-art approach such as Work Domain Analysis (WDA). T he primary goal of this methodology is to identify and evaluate specific human factors challenges related to non -traditional concepts of operations, and the associated changes in the allocation of functions to human and system agents. This includes developing a framework for the analysis of Adv SM R functions, structures and systems using the WDA methodology, as well as the development of functional allocation principles as one of the prima...

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Section: Principle 3: Fa Gu Idance M Ust Be Easy To Understand and Acmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Technical Basis and Guidance for Advanced SMR Function Allocation

Hugo¹,

Gertman²,

Joe³

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Historically, attempts to integrate automation in many domains have taken a functional allocation approach [2]. One or more functional aspects of a process are identified as amenable to automation, and this aspect of the process is taken out of the control of the human and placed in the hands of some automated system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These negative effects are felt most acutely when the automation is taking over a cognitive aspect of control, such as decision-making or planning. These effects include both 1) decreased situation awareness for the operator who, without active involvement in the process, feels 'out of the loop' in both the status of the process, and the actions of the automation 2) the automation only considering a subset of the tacit and contextual cues, or secondary planning considerations, that a human operator brings to the problem. As a result, the functionally limited scope of the automation leads to suboptimal solutions that a human operator must repair.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Requirements for Effective Hybrid Decision Making with Evolvable Assembly Systems

Golightly

Sanderson

Holmes

et al. 2016

Proceedings of the European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics

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This paper examines 10 challenges for making automation a team player (Klein et al., 2004) in the context of Evolvable Assembly Systems (EAS) with the aim of delivering requirements for effective hybrid human-automation decision making. Specific decision making use cases for a demonstrator system were analysed to capture opportunities and requirements for effective human-agent cooperative decision making. These requirements covered agent design, human-machine interface design, context aware computing requirements and human competency. As such, the paper provides concrete examples of how general principles for hybrid decision making can be applied to EAS, and presents a pilot of a method for future requirements elicitation. Author KeywordsHuman-machine interface requirements; human-agent collaboration; human factors for manufacturing.

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“…The introduction of automation in other transport settings, manufacturing, process control, healthcare and beyond is littered with similar experiences. Historically, attempts to integrate automation in many domains have taken a functional allocation approach [13]. One or more functional aspects of a process are identified as amenable to automation, and this aspect of the process is taken out of the control of the human and placed in the hands of some automated system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How do principles for human-centred automation apply to disruption management decision support?

Golightly

Dadashi

2016

2016 IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Rail Transportation (ICIRT)

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Abstract-While automation of signal and route setting is routine, the use of automation or decision support in disruption management processes is far less common. Such support offers significant advantages in optimising re-planning of both timetable and resources (crew and rolling stock), and has value in offering a 'shared view' of re-planning across the many actors manage disruption. If this vision is to be realised, however, disruption management decision support and automation must adhere to proven principles for effective human-agent cooperation. This paper synthesises data from a programme of work to understand user requirements for automated disruption support tools. It then compares these outputs with two frameworks for human-centred automation -one general (Klein et al's [2004] ten challenges for automation) and one transport specific (Balfe et al's [2012]principles for transport automation). Emergent design requirements include the need for iterative modification of rescheduling parameters throughout a disruption, visibility of the reasoning behind options, accountability remaining in the hands of disruption controllers, and the need for the automated disruption support tools to take a multi-dimensional view of disruption that varies depending on the event encountered. The paper reflects on the practical utility of high-level design principles for automated disruption support tools.

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The fiction of function allocation, revisited

Cited by 34 publications

References 15 publications

Development of a Technical Basis and Guidance for Advanced SMR Function Allocation

Development of a Technical Basis and Guidance for Advanced SMR Function Allocation

Design Requirements for Effective Hybrid Decision Making with Evolvable Assembly Systems

How do principles for human-centred automation apply to disruption management decision support?

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