The FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 Sustainability Strategy: Human Rights Governance in the Tripartite Network

Abstract

The Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) has faced constant accusations of human rights violations associated with World Cup Qatar 2022, with prominent media coverage and international football team demonstrations. This study aims to analyze and discuss the approach taken by the tripartite policy network of actors, namely FIFA, Qatar's Supreme Council (SC), and the Local Organizing Committee (Q22) for the creation of the the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 Sustainability Strategy (hereafter WCSS22) published in January 2020. The WCSS22 represents the first time FIFA has clearly articulated its responsibility in connection with impacts that are linked to the construction and operation of World Cup stadia and facilities, in line with the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs). The strategy was also the first to be planned and delivered jointly by FIFA, the SC, and the Q22. Qualitative Content Analysis (QCA) of documents associated with the WCSS22 was performed to answer the following research questions: a) What are the recurrent features of the policy formulation and design process and what role do the UNGPs play? b) How do FIFA and the other policy actors contribute and position themselves in relation to human rights? c) What form did governance (interdependence, interactions, regulated rules, and steering) take in the policymaking process? The study establishes that there are four recurrent features of policy formulation and design: 1) a collective, systematic, and diverse policymaking approach, 2) emphasis on leveraging internal resources and external input, 3) the building foundation of best practice principles, guidelines, strategies, and existing initiatives, and 4) inconsistency on decision-making and accountability measures. FIFA contributes to policymaking primarily through their existing statutes, human rights policy, and commitments to mitigate negative human rights impacts. Furthermore, specified actions, and mechanisms for construction workers' living and working conditions and recruitment processes are articulated by the SC, who take a more prominent role in worker initiatives. Q22, although involved in collective action, and participating in workers welfare, takes a more peripheral role in the policymaking process. In conclusion, it was found that the tripartite policy network of actors represents a participant-based governance approach with cohesive policy formulation, varied resources at their disposal, inconsistencies in accountability measures and with the lead network role dependent on specific actor initiatives and commitments.

Stakeholder governance and sustainability in football: A bibliometric analysis

“…These databases were selected to search for documents related to the concepts of “Sustainability,” “Governance,” and “Stakeholders.” It is worth noting that the concept of sustainability is often linked to terms such as “Corporate Social Responsibility,” “Corporate Sustainability,” and “Business Sustainability,” which, although not entirely synonymous, share certain similarities. Likewise, the search equation is limited according to the purpose of the article, including concepts of soccer or football, and their relationships with the concept of governance and stakeholders because governance is a concept that involves stakeholders by understanding itself as a complex matrix of interactions and interrelationships between different actors and between different sets of ideas and practices [ 51 ]. In order to set the number of records identified through database searching, this study employed the following search equation in search fields of the article title, abstract and keywords: (“Sustaina*" OR “Corporat* social respons*" OR “corporate sustaina*" OR “business sustaina*") AND (((“Governance*") AND ((“Soccer” OR “Football"))) OR ((“Stakeholder*") AND (“Soccer” OR “Football"))).…”

The State of Play Between Managing Major Sports Events and Human Rights: a Scoping Review

“…Arrangements made between the event owner and the host city can override local legislation and contribute to the exacerbation of human rights infringements related to labor, housing, freedom of assembly and expression (McGillivray et al, 2019). Influential organizational actors like the IOC and FIFA are asked to do more to ensure that management of major sport events promotes human rights, rather than negatively affects them (Hess & Bishara, 2019;O'Rourke & Theodoraki, 2022).…”