The file drawer effect: A call for meticulous methodology and tolerance for non-significant results

Nagarajan, Priscilla Joys; Garla, Bharath Kumar; Taranath, M; Nagarajan, I

doi:10.4103/ija.ija_280_17

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Further, focusing on published findings may enhance the likelihood of results being influenced by the "file drawer problem". The "file drawer problem" is a well-documented phenomenon that brings attention to the fact that non-significant findings are much more likely to remain unpublished than significant findings (Nagarajan et al, 2017). Second, similar to other content analytic approaches of this nature, the findings are limited to information reported in article write-ups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of Social Marketing Interventions Promoting Occupational Health and Safety

Lagoe,

Newcomer

2023

Social Marketing Quarterly

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Background Unintentional and preventable workplace injuries are a common occurrence across employment contexts. Campaign and intervention initiatives are often implemented to promote health and safety in the workplace. However, to date, scarce research has reviewed the manner in which social marketing principles have been used to inform these efforts. Focus of Article The current review seeks to address this gap by completing a systematic review of occupational health and safety interventions that utilize social marketing approaches. Research Question This review sought to identify key trends and characteristics across occupational health and safety social marketing efforts such as what topics, theories, and design characteristics are most often used to inform these initiatives. The review also sought to determine how effective social marketing tactics were in promoting behavior change. Method In total, 4,354 article titles and abstracts were reviewed across four databases. Ultimately, 11 articles reviewed met the set inclusion criteria, were reviewed, and subsequently analyzed. Results Results indicated that social marketing interventions typically addressed behaviors related to construction safety, agricultural safety, and safety within healthcare environments. While little continuity existed among information dissemination approaches specified, it was clear that many interventions used some form of traditional media (e.g., print, radio, etc.) as a mainstay of their approach. Further, most were effective in promoting behavior change. Importance to the Social Marketing Field While this review identified vital information relating to the development and implementation of occupational health and safety initiatives, clear gaps exist in how key campaign elements, messaging approaches, and strategies are documented in the literature. Recommendations for Research and Practice Practitioners can and should use information identified from this review to guide the development of social marketing interventions. Further, this work also provides important guidance on best practices for documenting features and outcomes of future social marketing efforts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of Social Marketing Interventions Promoting Occupational Health and Safety

Lagoe,

Newcomer

2023

Social Marketing Quarterly

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“…Reporting bias is a prevalent issue in systematic reviews and meta-analyses which is characterized by researchers publishing only statistically significant, or desired, results. 28,80 Also termed the file drawer problem, it implies that researchers will be more likely to submit or successfully publish positive or statistically significant results. 28,80 In studies of moderators and mediators, this bias may be even more inflated as researchers may prefer to publish their findings only when significant interactions (i.e., moderation) and direct or indirect effects (i.e., mediation) are observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors affecting the association between maternal adverse childhood experiences and preschool children’s behavioural problems: a systematic review of mediators and moderators

Kurbatfinski,

Letourneau,

Dewey

et al. 2023

Clinical Medicine Insights: Psychiatry

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Background Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are pernicious events (e.g., physical abuse) that occur before 18 years of age within the household. Mothers’ ACEs are associated intergenerationally with their preschool children’s (two-to-five-year-old) behavioural problems, impacting lifelong mental health trajectories. Mediators (e.g., mental health) may explain how mothers’ ACEs exert their influence on children's behavioural development whereas moderators (e.g., child sex) may affect the strength and direction of the association, revealing potential points of intervention. Therefore, this study aimed to: (1) identify mediators and moderators of this association; and (2) describe and compare moderation and mediation outcomes. Methods This review (#CRD42022307214) extracted data from peer-reviewed literature formally analyzing at least one moderating or mediating variable of the association between maternal ACEs and preschool children’s behavioural problems using MEDLINE, Embase, APA PsycINFO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, SCOPUS, and Web of Science databases (n = 7). Validity was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklists. Results Thirteen full-text studies with moderate-to-high validity were identified. Most studies examined mediating variables, with unanimous support for mediation through maternal depression. The mediating roles of adult attachment styles and anxiety were conflicting. No studies examined environmental factors (e.g., neurotoxins). Conclusions Mothers’ depression is a significant contributor to children’s behavioural problems in the context of ACEs and should be a target of early intervention to prevent lifelong challenges. Future research should focus on examining more moderating variables and consider the roles of environmental factors. More research is needed on the moderating and mediating roles of genes.

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“…This could indicate a possible publication bias, often referred to as the file drawer problem (e.g., Nagarajan et al, 2017; see also Friese, & Frankenbach, 2019), which has been shown to be common in cognitive neuroscience (Huber et al, 2019). However, by considering the fact that almost half of the identified studies explored a different research question, in addition to the small number of identified studies, no robust conclusions regarding this kind of bias can be drawn.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensory Recruitment in Visual Short-Term Memory: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Sensory Visual Cortex Interference Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Phylactou¹,

Traikapi²,

Παπαδάτου-Παστού³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Visual short-term memory (VSTM) links perception with higher cognitive processes by maintaining visual information that is absent from the environment. Yet, it remains unclear if sensory visual cortex is a necessary component of the brain network that underlies short-term maintenance of visual information. Previous reviews remain inconclusive and open to interpretation. Here, we aimed to systematically identify and review studies that have investigated the role of the sensory visual cortex in VSTM using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), a method that allows exploration of causal relationships, and to quantitatively explore the effect of TMS interference on the sensory visual cortex during VSTM using meta-analytic methodology. Thirteen studies were identified and qualitatively reviewed. Out of those, seven studies provided sufficient statistical data for meta-analysis and yielded a total of 30 effect sizes, which were included in the meta-analyses. Two meta-analyses were conducted, one regarding the encoding phase of VSTM (19 effect sizes), and one regarding the maintenance phase of VSTM (11 effect sizes). The results from the systematic review and the two meta-analyses indicate that the sensory visual cortex is likely involved in both the encoding and maintenance phase of VSTM. In some cases, evidence did not show significant effects of TMS, however, this is suggested to be due to low memory load or low perceptual task demands. Overall, these findings support the idea that sensory visual areas are part of the brain network responsible for successfully maintaining information in short-term memory when no physical stimulus is present in the environment.

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The file drawer effect: A call for meticulous methodology and tolerance for non-significant results

Cited by 11 publications

References 6 publications

A Systematic Review of Social Marketing Interventions Promoting Occupational Health and Safety

A Systematic Review of Social Marketing Interventions Promoting Occupational Health and Safety

Factors affecting the association between maternal adverse childhood experiences and preschool children’s behavioural problems: a systematic review of mediators and moderators

Sensory Recruitment in Visual Short-Term Memory: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Sensory Visual Cortex Interference Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

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