The final Galileo SSI observations of Io: orbits G28-I33

The Zamama–Thor region of Io: Insights from a synthesis of mapping, topography, and Galileo spacecraft data

“…Our mapping results support the hypothesis of Turtle et al (2004) that the newly-emplaced Thor dark flows from the I31 event (Figs. 2c, 10) correlate with the locations of old bright flows in the C21 color mosaic (Fig.…”

“…The shape of the mesa-like rise suggests to us that it be classified as a large tholus, i.e., dormant volcanic mountain. Turtle et al (2004) noted that Reshef Patera consists of an irregular central depression ∼60 × 35 km in size, with a margin that is taller on the south than on the north (∼1.6 km vs ∼1.3 km). Our mapping shows that Reshef is located on a roughly triangular-shaped mesa (also visible in Galileo C3 images).…”

Formation of mountains on Io: Variable volcanism and thermal stresses

“…Layers (or at least parallel faults) have been directly identified in images of some mountains (Schenk and Bulmer, 1998;Schenk et al, 2001;Williams et al, 2007). Mass wasting from the steep slopes of the mountains along detachments provides indirect evidence for layering (Schenk and Bulmer, 1998;Moore et al, 2001;Schenk et al, 2001;Turtle et al, 2001Turtle et al, , 2004. Finally, terracing observed along mountain flanks has been interpreted as downward slumping of different layers of material along discontinuities and thus may also imply layering Turtle et al, 2001Turtle et al, , 2004.…”

“…The uplifted, tilted nature of most mountains on Io (Smith et al, 1979;Carr et al, 1998;Schenk et al, 2001;Turtle et al, 2001Turtle et al, , 2004Turtle et al, , 2006Jaeger et al, 2003;Fig. 1) implies that they formed by tectonic activity.…”

Io: Heat flow from dark volcanic fields

“…Since thermal infrared observational coverage of volcanic fields on Io is incomplete (both spatially and temporally), we estimate their total heat flow contribution by using additional information from the following sources: (1) Voyager and Galileo images (McEwen et al, 1998bSchenk et al, 2004;Turtle et al, 2004Turtle et al, , 2007. (2) Galileo maps (Crown et al, 1992;Becker and Geissler, 2005;Williams et al, 2002Williams et al, , 2004Williams et al, , 2005aWilliams et al, ,b, 2007Williams et al, , 2008Davies, 2007).…”