THE FINE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE TENTACLE IN <i>TOKOPHRYA INFUSIONUM </i>

Rudzinska, Maria A.

doi:10.1083/jcb.25.3.459

Cited by 112 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…A strong case can be made,'0-13 based admittedly on circumstantial evidence, that they are also concerned with cytoplasmic movement. [12][13][14] The microtubule-like structures of the spindle and axonemes of cilia and flagella strengthen this case. However, the correlation is not perfect, for movement may take place in association with a fibrous component of the ground substance which is not organized as microtubules.…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

Intracellular fibers in oat coleoptile cells and their possible significance in cytoplasmic streaming.

O’Brien¹,

Thimann²

1966

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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During the course of an intensive investigation of the histology and fine structure of the Avena coleoptile,'-4 we have had the opportunity to examine the varied cell types of the organ, fixed in a number of ways. In tissues fixed initially either in acrolein or glutaraldehyde, and subsequently postfixed in osmium tetroxide, intracellular fibers have been seen in the cells of the inner and outer epidermis, and in the vascular and extrafascicular parenchyma. Similar fibers have been reported in amebae and slime molds5 and most recently in Nitella,6 and fibrous structures appear, of course, in sieve tubes after certain fixation procedures.7 However, to our knowledge, fine intracellular fibers have not been described previously in the parenchyma cells of higher plants.Materials and Methods.-Coleoptiles of Avena sativa var. "Victory" were grown to a length of 25 mm under the conditions described previously; the procedures of specimen preparation for electron microscopy have been given in detail.3 Fibers have been identified in cells from 25-mm coleoptiles fixed in 10 per cent acrolein at 0WC for 12-16 hr in tap water (or at room temperature for 5 hr), or in 5 per cent glutaraldehyde at 0WC (in 0.025 M sodium phosphate buffer at pH 6.8 for 12-16 hr). All tissues were washed briefly in buffer and postfixed in 2 per cent osmium tetroxide at 0WC for 12-16 hr. The cells of these mature coleoptiles were found to be badly preserved in glutaraldehyde at room temperature and it is not possible to say whether the fibers are preserved by that fixation.Observations.-The fibers are 0.1-0.2 jA wide and of indefinite length; the one shown in Figure 1 extended for at least 10 Iu in the section. They occur both in transvacuolar strands and in the parietal cytoplasm (Figs. 2, 4, and 7). Unlike microtubules, they do not seem to occur in the extreme cortex of the cell, but tend rather to lie about halfway between the plasmalemma and the tonoplast. Ribosomes seem to be excluded from the matrix of the fibers (Fig. 6), but mitochondria are commonly associated with them and indeed seem often to be in contact with them ( Figs. 1 and 7).The apparent substructure of the fibers varies with the fixation procedure. In tissue fixed initially in glutaraldehyde, the fibers consist mainly of a highly ordered array of microfilaments, each 50 to 70 A wide and of indefinite length. Here and there along the length of the fibers, the orderliness of the array is not maintained (Fig. 4). These microfilaments are closely similar to those described in Nitella.6 In tissues fixed initially in acrolein, on the other hand, the fibers show much less filamentous substructure. Instead, they have a feltlike appearance, particularly when fixed in acrolein at room temperature (Fig. 5). It is impossible to decide from the present evidence which of these images corresponds more closely to the in vivo structure of the fiber. The clarity of structure of the fibers in slime mold plasmodium is similarly dependent on fixation in glutaraldehyde.8 Nagai and Rebhun6 were able t...

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confidence: 96%

Intracellular fibers in oat coleoptile cells and their possible significance in cytoplasmic streaming.

O’Brien¹,

Thimann²

1966

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…This situation is true of neuron axons (e.g. 24,25), of the heliozoan axopodia (22,26), and of the suctorian tentacles (4,23) and, to a lesser extent, it is true in the processes of melanophores (5,12,19,28,29) and chromatophores (21). It could be argued that the proximal association between the microtubules and particles in these cells is more a result of the small diameter of the cell process than of an actual physical linkage between the two.…”

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confidence: 99%

Evidence for firm linkages between microtubules and membrane-bounded vesicles.

Allen¹

1975

The Journal of Cell Biology

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Direct evidence is presented in support of the widely held idea that membrane-bounded vesicles can bind firmly to microtubules. This is shown in P. caudatum which contains ribbons of straight microtubules located in open cytoplasm and uniquely associated with the disk-shaped vesicles. These vesicles frequently lie flat against the face of the ribbons at a constant distance of 30-40 nm. Under certain conditions the ribbons are compressed into zigzag pattern, but the vesicles continue to maintain their 30-40 nm spacing with the tubules and The author's interpretation of this phenomena is that the vesicles and the microtubules are strongly bound together. This interaction appears to be via a filamentous material rather than bridges.

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“…The mitotic spindle in intact dividing cells (Robbins and Gonatas, 1964 ;de Th•, 1964 ;Roth, 1964 ;Pease, 1946), the isolated mitotic apparatus (Kane and Forer, 1965 ;Zimmerman and Marsland, 1964), the melanophores of Fundulus (Bikle et al ., 1966 ;Marsland, 1944), and the tentacles of Tokophrya (Kitching and Pease, 1939 ;Rudzinska, 1965) are some examples . Colchicine, as well as hydrostatic pressure, causes a breakdown of the microtubules and has been shown to shift the equilibrium from the gelated to the solated state (Malawista, 1965 ; Tilney, 1968) .…”

Section: Microtubules Gel Strength and The Plasma Gelmentioning

confidence: 99%

MICROTUBULES IN THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE PRIMARY MESENCHYME IN ARBACIA PUNCTULATA

Tilney

Gibbins

1969

The Journal of Cell Biology

179

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To experimentally test the suggestion made in the preceding paper that the microtubules are involved in cell shape development during the formation and differentiation of the primary mesenchyme, we applied to the embryos two types of agents which affect cytoplasmic microtubules : (a) colchicine and hydrostatic pressure, which cause the microtubules to disassemble, and (b) D20, which tends to stabilize them . When the first type of agent is applied to sea urchin gastrulae, the development of the primary mesenchyme ceases, the microtubules disappear, and the cells tend to spherulate . With D2O development also ceases, but the tubules appear "frozen," and the cell asymmetries persist unaltered . These agents appear to block development by primarily interfering with the sequential disassembly and/or reassembly of microtubules into new patterns . The microtubules, therefore, appear to be influential in the development of cell form . On the other hand through a careful analysis of the action of these agents and others on both intra-and extracellular factors, we concluded that the microtubules do rather little for the maintenance of cell shape in differentiated tissues .

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THE FINE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE TENTACLE IN TOKOPHRYA INFUSIONUM

Cited by 112 publications

References 23 publications

Intracellular fibers in oat coleoptile cells and their possible significance in cytoplasmic streaming.

Intracellular fibers in oat coleoptile cells and their possible significance in cytoplasmic streaming.

Evidence for firm linkages between microtubules and membrane-bounded vesicles.

MICROTUBULES IN THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE PRIMARY MESENCHYME IN ARBACIA PUNCTULATA

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