The fine structure of lamprey epidermis. III. Granular cells

Downing, Stephen W.; Novales, Ronald R.

doi:10.1016/s0022-5320(71)80160-0

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…This study shows marked differences in epidermal cell types compared with myxinids (Blackstad, ; Spitzer & Koch, ) and teleosts (Elliott, 2000 b ), but a general structural similarity to that reported for other petromyzontids (Downing & Novales, 1971 a , b , c ; Lane & Whitear, ; Lethbridge & Potter, , ; Sato, ). The epidermal epithelium of the skin of P .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…The general structure of the epidermis observed in P . marinus coincides with previous studies (Downing & Novales, 1971 a , b , c ; Lethbridge & Potter, , ). Some differences in the morphology and thickness, however, have been observed when comparing the epidermis of Lampetra fluviatilis (L. 1758) and P .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The general morphology of granular cells in P . marinus is similar to that found in other species of petromyzontids (Downing & Novales, 1971 c ; Lethbridge & Potter, ). They are large cells with small nuclei distributed in the middle and upper layers of the epidermis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…marinus . Later on, structural and ultrastructural studies (Pfeiffer & Pletcher, ; Downing & Novales, 1971 a , b , c ) confirmed the presence of the three basic cell types of Ficalbi. Based on those studies, the club cells were renamed as skein cells by Lane & Whitear () because, according to these authors, they could no longer be considered homologous to the club cells of the teleostean epidermis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphological and functional aspects of the epidermis of the sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus throughout development

Rodríguez-Alonso

Megı́as

Pombal

et al. 2017

Journal of Fish Biology

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The development of the epidermis of sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus along the whole life cycle was studied using conventional staining techniques and lectin histochemistry. The epidermis undergoes variations in morphology and thickness throughout development. The simple cuboidal epithelium found in the epidermis of prolarvae becomes stratified cubic in the adult by increasing the number of cell layers. The cuticle thickness undergoes a steady increase during the larval period. There are changes in the glycoconjugate composition of the three main cell types of the P. marinus epidermis, mucous, granular and skein cells, which are more pronounced after metamorphosis. The Alcian blue-periodic acid Schiff (AB-PAS) histochemical method shows the presence of both acidic and neutral glycoconjugates in the mucous cells, indicating their secretory function. Moreover, lectin analysis reveals a mucous secretion containing glycoconjugates such as sulphated glycosaminoglycans (N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylgalactosamine) and N-glycoproteins rich in mannose. Although granular cells are AB-PAS negative, they exhibit a similar glycoconjugate composition to the mucous cells. Moreover, granular cells show sialic acid positivity in larvae but this monosaccharide residue is not detected after metamorphosis. The skein cells, a unique cell of lampreys, are negative to AB-PAS staining but they mostly contain l-fucose and sialic acid residues, which also disappear after metamorphosis. The function of the granular and skein cells is still unknown but the role of their glycoconjugate composition is discussed. In addition, a different cellular origin is suggested for these two types of cells.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphological and functional aspects of the epidermis of the sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus throughout development

Rodríguez-Alonso

Megı́as

Pombal

et al. 2017

Journal of Fish Biology

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“…We suggest that the wrapping filaments may prevent the merging of adjacent loops, which would have obvious negative effects on thread deployment and ultimately the function of the slime 1 . Two other cell types, the hagfish epidermal thread cell and the lamprey skein cell, notably also produce thick helical IF bundles 18,19 , in contrast to the branching networks of IF that are far more common in metazoan cells 20 . In hagfish GTCs, this ability to produce a single, unbranched IF bundle has been taken to the extreme and may be one of the key adaptations that allowed hagfishes to evolve their remarkable fibrous defensive slime.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Coiling and maturation of a high-performance fibre in hagfish slime gland thread cells

et al. 2014

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Summary The defensive slime of hagfishes contains thousands of intermediate filament protein threads1 that are manufactured within specialized gland thread cells2–4. The outstanding material properties of these threads, which rival spider dragline silks, make them an ideal model for biomimetic efforts to produce sustainable protein materials5. The gland thread cell is remarkable because of the strength of the thread it produces, but also because of the thread’s impressive length (~150 mm)1, its exquisite packaging within the cytoplasm3,4, and its ability to deploy rapidly in seawater without tangling6. The thread bundle (or “skein”) is organized into staggered loops that spiral around the long axis of the cell. In mature cells, these highly organized loops fill most of the cell volume. Although the exact site of thread assembly is unknown, the thinnest regions of the thread are found adjacent to the nucleus7,8. Intermediate filaments and microtubules are known to interact during early stages of thread assembly, but the mature thread is electron dense with no discernable ultrastructure7,8. Until now, we have lacked information about gland thread cell development, including high power images of very young cells that could provide insight into how the thread is coiled and how it matures. Here we show (1) how changes in nuclear morphology, size, and position can explain the three-dimensional pattern of thread coiling in gland thread cells, and (2) how the ultrastructure of the thread changes from very young thread cells up to large cells with fully mature skeins7–9. Our model provides an explanation for the complex process of thread assembly and organization that has fascinated and perplexed biologists for over a century10, and provides valuable insights for the quest to manufacture high-performance biomimetic protein materials.

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Iron deposition in the integument of lampreys

Youson

Sargent

1984

Anat. Rec.

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The integument of larval, parasitic adult, and upstream-migrant lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) was examined for iron deposition using light microscopic histochemistry and routine and histochemical procedures in the electron microscope. Ferritin particles, representing ferric iron, are present throughout most of the cytoplasmic matrix and within dense granules and vacuoles of epidermal mucous cells, but are not located in skein or granular cells. These particles are abundant in mucous cells of the dorsal surface but not the ventral surface and are more concentrated in adult lampreys compared to larva. Histochemistry revealed only sparse amounts of ferrous iron. Iron is not present in the dermis but is found in adipocytes of a subcutaneous layer. The deposition of integumentary iron is discussed with reference to body pigmentation and excretion of this metal.

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The fine structure of lamprey epidermis. III. Granular cells

Cited by 26 publications

References 6 publications

Morphological and functional aspects of the epidermis of the sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus throughout development

Morphological and functional aspects of the epidermis of the sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus throughout development

Coiling and maturation of a high-performance fibre in hagfish slime gland thread cells

Iron deposition in the integument of lampreys

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