The finer details? The predictability of life outcomes from Big Five domains, facets, and nuances

Stewart, Ross David; Mõttus, René; Seeboth, Anne; Soto, Christopher J.; Johnson, Wendy

doi:10.1111/jopy.12660

Cited by 68 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…To derive a more nuanced insight into commando personalities, we subsequently examined differences between commandos and matched controls in 30 more specific facet traits, generally thought to be informative when predicting consequential outcomes (Steward et al, 2021). We refrain from an interpretation of the facet differences between commandos and civilians because none was significant in our models (all d below 0.30 and p above .07), see in the Supplemental Material for details.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality traits of special forces operators: Comparing commandos, candidates, and controls.

Huijzer¹,

Jeronimus²,

Reehoorn³

et al. 2022

Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology

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Dutch special forces operators, also known as commandos, perform in mentally and physically tough environments. An important question for recruitment and selection of commandos is whether they have particular personality traits. To answer this question, we first examined differences in personality traits between 110 experienced Dutch male commandos and a control sample of 275 men in the same age range. Second, we measured the personality traits at the start of the special forces selection program and compared the scores of candidates who later graduated (n = 53) or dropped out (n = 138). Multilevel Bayesian models and t tests revealed that commandos were less neurotic (d = −0.58), more conscientious (d = 0.45), and markedly less open to experiences (d = −1.13) than the matched civilian group. Furthermore, there was a tendency for graduates to be less neurotic (d = −0.27) and more conscientious (d = 0.24) than dropouts. For selection, personality traits do not appear discriminative enough for graduation success and other factors need to be accounted for as well, such as other psychological constructs and physical performance. On the other hand, these results provide interesting clues for using personality traits to recruit people for the special forces program.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality traits of special forces operators: Comparing commandos, candidates, and controls.

Huijzer¹,

Jeronimus²,

Reehoorn³

et al. 2022

Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology

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“…Such an approach could complement the unsupervised dimensionality reduction models that have prevailed for decades in personality research. Moreover, this research can complement attempts to improve the predictive validity of psychology by using non-parsimonious (i.e., facets and item-level) questionnaire-based predictive models 50 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

A prediction-focused approach to personality modeling

Lavi

Rosenblatt²,

Gilead

2022

Sci Rep

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In the current study, we set out to examine the viability of a novel approach to modeling human personality. Research in psychology suggests that people’s personalities can be effectively described using five broad dimensions (the Five-Factor Model; FFM); however, the FFM potentially leaves room for improved predictive accuracy. We propose a novel approach to modeling human personality that is based on the maximization of the model’s predictive accuracy. Unlike the FFM, which performs unsupervised dimensionality reduction, we utilized a supervised machine learning technique for dimensionality reduction of questionnaire data, using numerous psychologically meaningful outcomes as data labels (e.g., intelligence, well-being, sociability). The results showed that our five-dimensional personality summary, which we term the “Predictive Five” (PF), provides predictive performance that is better than the FFM on two independent validation datasets, and on a new set of outcome variables selected by an independent group of psychologists. The approach described herein has the promise of eventually providing an interpretable, low-dimensional personality representation, which is also highly predictive of behavior.

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“…Items' unique variance often also predicts life outcomes, sometimes more so than the traits for which the items were written (Stewart et al, 2021), besides unique developmental trends (Hang et al, 2021) and variations across cultures (Achaa-Amankwaa et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Big Few domains are partly stable over time (Terracciano et al, 2006), agreed-upon by informants (De Vries et al, 2008;Connelly & Ones, 2010), and heritable (Briley & Tucker-Drob, 2014;De Vries et al, 2021;Kandler, Richter et al, 2019, Vukasović & Bratko, 2015. They are also pervasivelyalbeit generally weaklycorrelated with a host of life outcomes (Ozer & Benet-Martínez, 2006;Soto, 2019;Stewart et al, 2021;Zettler et al, 2020), and have crossculturally replicable associations with demographic factors like sex and age (Allik et al, 2013;. Moreover, narrower facets of both HEXACO and FFM tend to have these same properties, even after removing the variance they share with domains (e.g., Anglim et al, 2020;Ashton & Lee, 2019;Jang et al, 1998;Lee & Ashton, 2018;McCrae et al, 2005).…”

Section: What Makes a Unique Trait?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, many questionnaire itemsmarkers for nuancescould have unique genetic variance components (e.g., , associations with brain morphology (e.g., Hyatt et al, 2021), developmental trajectories (Mõttus & Rozgonjuk, 2021), and cross-cultural variations (Achaa-Amankwaa et al, 2020). Likewise, nuances typically help improve personality traits' predictive validity for life outcomes (Seeboth & Mõttus, 2020;Revelle et al, 2021;Saucier et al, 2020;Stewart et al, 2021) and can explain why traits are linked with them in the first place (Mõttus et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Nuanced HEXACO: A Meta-Analysis of HEXACO Cross-Rater Agreement, Heritability, and Rank-Order Stability

Henry¹,

Baker²,

Bratko³

et al. 2022

Preprint

Self Cite

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Most Five-Factor Model questionnaire items contain unique variance that 1) is heritable, stable, and observable; 2) demonstrates consistent associations with age and sex, and 3) is predictive of life outcomes over and above higher-order factors. This is consistent with items indexing a unique level of the personality trait hierarchy—nuances. Extending these findings to the six-trait HEXACO model, we meta-analyzed cross-rater agreement, heritability, and two-year stability using samples from Canada, Croatia, Finland, Germany, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. Analyses were conducted on both raw item scores and their unique variance, and estimates were corrected for short-term test-retest reliability. Median cross-rater agreement, heritability and stability estimates were, respectively, .30,.30 and .57 for raw items and .10,.16 and .39 for item residuals. After reliability correction, the respective medians rose to .46 and .25 for cross-rater agreement, .46 and .39 for heritability, and .87 and 1.00 for stability. These results are strikingly consistent with FFM-based findings, providing further evidence that personality nuances constitute a unique personality hierarchy level with trait properties comparable to those of higher-order traits.

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The finer details? The predictability of life outcomes from Big Five domains, facets, and nuances

Cited by 68 publications

References 69 publications

Personality traits of special forces operators: Comparing commandos, candidates, and controls.

Personality traits of special forces operators: Comparing commandos, candidates, and controls.

A prediction-focused approach to personality modeling

Nuanced HEXACO: A Meta-Analysis of HEXACO Cross-Rater Agreement, Heritability, and Rank-Order Stability

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