The first batteryless, solar-powered cardiac pacemaker

Haeberlin, Andreas; Zurbuchen, Adrian; Walpen, Sébastien; Schaerer, Jakob; Niederhäuser, Thomas; Huber, Christoph; Tanner, Hildegard; Servatius, Helge; Seiler, Jens; Haeberlin, H.; Fuhrer, Juerg; Vogel, Rolf

doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2015.02.032

Cited by 94 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Alternative energy sources, such as conformal piezoelectric energy harvesting 64,65 and solar-powered pacemakers 66 , are currently being studied at preclinical stages. Conformal piezoelectric energy harvesting technology, long-used in wristwatches, uses the movements of internal organs such as heart, lung, and diaphragm to enable mechanical-to-electrical energy conversion 64,65 .…”

Section: Electronic Pacemakersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conformal piezoelectric energy harvesting technology, long-used in wristwatches, uses the movements of internal organs such as heart, lung, and diaphragm to enable mechanical-to-electrical energy conversion 64,65 . By contrast, solar-powered devices utilize a subcutaneous solar module to convert transcutaneous light into the electrical energy required for self-sustainable cardiac pacing 66 . Additional preclinical testing is required to assess the reliability and duration of these self-sustained power technologies.…”

Section: Electronic Pacemakersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Next-generation pacemakers: from small devices to biological pacemakers

2017

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Electrogenesis in the heart begins in the sinoatrial node and proceeds down the conduction system to originate the heartbeat. Conduction system disorders lead to slow heart rates that are insufficient to support the circulation, necessitating implantation of electronic pacemakers. The typical electronic pacemaker consists of a subcutaneous generator and battery module attached to one or more endocardial leads. New leadless pacemakers can be implanted directly into the right ventricular apex, providing single-chamber pacing without a subcutaneous generator. Modern pacemakers are generally reliable, and their programmability provides options for different pacing modes tailored to specific clinical needs. Advances in device technology will probably include alternative energy sources and dual-chamber leadless pacing in the not-too-distant future. Although effective, current electronic devices have limitations related to lead or generator malfunction, lack of autonomic responsiveness, undesirable interactions with strong magnetic fields, and device-related infections. Biological pacemakers, generated by somatic gene transfer, cell fusion, or cell transplantation, provide an alternative to electronic devices. Somatic reprogramming strategies, which involve transfer of genes encoding transcription factors to transform working myocardium into a surrogate sinoatrial node, are furthest along in the translational pipeline. Even as electronic pacemakers become smaller and less invasive, biological pacemakers might expand the therapeutic armamentarium for conduction system disorders.

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Section: Electronic Pacemakersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electronic Pacemakersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Next-generation pacemakers: from small devices to biological pacemakers

2017

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“…[4b,151,152] Impressive progress has been achieved in recent years by using biofuel cells [153,154] and silicon solar cells [155,156] to power in vivo biomedical devices including pacemakers and stimulators with a relatively stiff or rigid layout. However, implantable energy systems in more flexible forms are highly sought after to avoid adverse side effects of the body.…”

Section: Implantable Biomedical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Soft Skin‐Like Wearable and Implantable Energy Devices

Gong

Cheng

2017

Advanced Energy Materials

197

130

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The development of ultra‐compliant power sources is crucial for their seamless integration with next‐generation skin‐like wearable and implantable biomedical systems for long‐term health monitoring. Toward this goal, stretchable energy storage and conversion devices (ESCDs), including supercapacitors, lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), solar cells, and generators are now attracting intensive worldwide research efforts. The purpose of this review is to discuss the latest achievements in the development of such stretchable energy devices in the context of biomedical applications. We first review the viable strategies and methodologies of fabricating stretchable energy storage and conversion devices. Then, we focus on description of various types of soft energy devices from a materials point of view. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges and opportunities in the design of truly conformal soft energy systems, including various key parameters, such as energy density, stability, and scalability.

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“…25 In another pre-clinical study, a batteryless PM was developed that was powered by a solar module that converted transcutaneous light into electrical energy. 26 This PM was able to provide pacing therapy continuously at a rate of 125 BPM for 1.5 months in the dark.…”

Section: Recommendations and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

End-of-life Management of Leadless Cardiac Pacemaker Therapy

Beurskens

Tjong

Knops

2017

Arrhythmia &Amp; Electrophysiology Review

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DevicesAccess at: www.AERjournal.com Despite these promising results, there is an important challenge to consider: the end-of-life (EOL) management of LP therapy. The optimal approach at the end of service of conventional transvenous PM therapy has been studied in great detail. 7,8 The subcutaneous generator is readily accessible for replacement, leaving the leads in place. 7 PM lead extraction can be a high-risk procedure and is associated with serious complications, including cardiac perforation and death. 8 Up to three leads can be placed intracardially, without haemodynamic compromise. 7 Optimal EOL strategy of LP therapy is subject to debate. The estimated battery longevity of the LP ranges between 4.7 and 15 years, depending on pacing parameters. 2,3,9 Therefore, selected patients might require multiple devices over their lifespan. Once the EOL of the LP approaches, there are two options for implanting physicians to address this problem.LPs were designed so that they can be programmed in a non-functional mode. The LP can be abandoned and an additional device may be implanted adjacent to the non-functional LP. Important concerns have been raised regarding the aforementioned option. Multiple devices in the heart may compromise cardiac function, or be a source of interference. The second replacement strategy is to extract the LP and subsequently implant a new device. However, extraction may not be feasible due to encapsulation of the device, and this will probably be more prevalent with more chronic use of LP therapy. Of note, there are situations where extraction of the LP may be necessary, such as in infection or dislocation. Recently, a battery advisory was distributed by Abbott stating that 7 of 1423 (0.5 %) patients had a battery malfunction that occurred more than two years after Nanostim LCP implantation. This battery dysfunction has not been shown to affect Micra TPS.With the battery advisory and the more chronic use of LPs, recommendations for EOL management become increasingly important. Therefore, an up-to-date review of available evidence on retrieval of LPs is highly clinically relevant. In this review we describe the safety, feasibility and histopathological examination of LP retrieval. Leadless Pacemaker and Retrieval SystemsBoth LPs are cylindrical intracardiac devices; however, there are differences in design that merit emphasis. The Nanostim LCP is 42 mm long and 5.99 mm in diameter, whereas the Micra TPS measures AbstractThe clinically available leadless pacemakers for patients with a single-chamber pacing indication have shown to be safe and effective.However, the optimal end-of-life strategy of this novel technique is undefined. Suggested strategies comprise of (a) placing an additional leadless device adjacent to the leadless pacemaker, or (b) retrieving the non-functioning leadless pacemaker and subsequently implanting a new device. Although initial studies demonstrate promising results, early experience of acute and mid-term retrieval feasibility and safety remains mixed. We suggest th...

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The first batteryless, solar-powered cardiac pacemaker

Abstract: Tomorrow's PMs might be batteryless and powered by sunlight. Because of the good skin penetrance of infrared light, a significant amount of energy can be harvested by a subcutaneous solar module even indoors. The use of an energy buffer allows periods of darkness to be overcome.

Cited by 94 publications

References 15 publications

Next-generation pacemakers: from small devices to biological pacemakers

Next-generation pacemakers: from small devices to biological pacemakers

Toward Soft Skin‐Like Wearable and Implantable Energy Devices

End-of-life Management of Leadless Cardiac Pacemaker Therapy

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