The first complete mitochondrial genome of <i>Adelges tsugae</i> Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae)

Yeh, Hsin-Ting; Ko, Chiun‐Cheng; Wu, Li Hua

doi:10.1080/23802359.2020.1772682

Cited by 4 publications

References 27 publications

(39 reference statements)

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Whole-genome sequence of the Cooley spruce gall adelgid, Adelges cooleyi (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Adelgidae)

Dial,

Weglarz,

Brunet

et al. 2023

G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics

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The adelgids (Adelgidae) are a small family of sap-feeding insects, which together with true aphids (Aphididae) and phylloxerans (Phylloxeridae) make up the infraorder Aphidomorpha. Some adelgid species are highly destructive to forest ecosystems, such as Adelges tsugae, A. piceae, A. laricis, Pineus pini, and P. boerneri. Despite this, there are no high-quality genomic resources for adelgids, hindering advanced genomic analyses within Adelgidae and among Aphidomorpha. Here, we used PacBio continuous long read and Illumina RNA-seq sequencing to construct a high-quality draft genome assembly for the Cooley spruce gall adelgid, Adelges cooleyi (Gillette), a gall-forming species endemic to North America. The assembled genome is 270.2 Mb in total size and has scaffold and contig N50 statistics of 14.87 Mb and 7.18 Mb, respectively. There are 24,967 predicted coding sequences, and assembly completeness is estimated at 98.1% and 99.6% with core BUSCO gene sets of Arthropoda and Hemiptera, respectively. Phylogenomic analysis using the A. cooleyi genome, three publicly available adelgid transcriptomes, four phylloxera transcriptomes, the Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (grape phylloxera) genome, four aphid genomes, and two outgroup coccoid genomes fully resolves adelgids and phylloxerans as sister taxa. The mitochondrial genome is 24 Kb, among the largest in insects sampled to date, with 39.4% composed of non-coding regions. This genome assembly is currently the only genome-scale, annotated assembly for adelgids and will be a valuable resource for understanding the ecology and evolution of Aphidomorpha.

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Whole-genome sequence of the Cooley spruce gall adelgid, Adelges cooleyi (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Adelgidae)

Dial,

Weglarz,

Brunet

et al. 2023

G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics

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Genomes of two invasiveAdelgesspecies (hemlock woolly adelgid and pineapple gall adelgid)enable characterization of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

Glendening,

Stephens,

Vuruputoor

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Two invasive hemipteran adelgids cause widespread damage to North American conifers. Adelges tsugae (the hemlock woolly adelgid) has decimated Tsuga canadensis and Tsuga caroliniana (the Eastern and Carolina hemlocks, respectively). A. tsugae was introduced from East Asia and reproduces parthenogenetically in North America, where it can kill trees rapidly. A. abietis, introduced from Europe, makes pineapple galls on several North American spruce species, and weakens trees, increasing their susceptibility to other stresses. Broad-spectrum insecticides that are often used to control adelgid populations can have off-target impacts on beneficial insects and the development of more selective chemical treatments could improve control methods and minimize ecological damage. Whole genome sequencing was performed on both species to aid in development of targeted pest control solutions and improve species conservation. The assembled A. tsugae and A. abietis genomes are 231.71 Mbp and 290.39 Mbp, respectively, each consisting of nine chromosomes and both genomes are over 96% complete based on BUSCO assessment. Genome annotation identified 11,424 and 14,118 protein-coding genes in A. tsugae and A. abietis, respectively. Comparative analysis across 29 Hemipteran species and 14 arthropod outgroups identified 31,666 putative gene families. Gene family expansions in A. abietis included ABC transporters and carboxypeptidases involved in carbohydrate metabolism, while both species showed contractions in core histone families and oxidoreductase pathways. Gene family expansions in A. tsugae highlighted families associated with the regulation of cell differentiation and development (survival motor protein, SMN; juvenile hormone acid methyltransferase JHAMT) as well as those that may be involved in the suppression of plant immunity (clip domain serine protease-D, CLIPD; Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1, ERAP1). Among the analyzed gene families, Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) maintained consistent copy numbers and structural features across species, a finding particularly relevant given their role as targets for current forestry management insecticides. Detailed phylogenetic analysis of nAChR subunits across adelgids and other ecologically important insects revealed remarkable conservation in both sequence composition and predicted structural features, providing crucial insights for the development of more selective pest control strategies.

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Insights into the Evolution of Aphid Mitogenome Features from New Data and Comparative Analysis

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2022

Animals

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The complete mitochondrial genomes and their rearrangement patterns can provide useful information for inferring evolutionary history of organisms. Aphids are one of the insect groups with some unique mitogenome features. In this study, to examine whether some features in aphid mitogenomes are independent species-specific evolutionary events or clade-specific events at certain taxonomic levels, we sequenced three new aphid mitogenomes (Hormaphidinae: Ceratovacuna keduensis, Pseudoregma panicola; Lachninae: Nippolachnus piri) and compared them with all known aphid mitogenomes. The three mitogenomes are 16,059–17,033 bp in length, with a set of 37 typical mitochondrial genes, a non-coding control region and a tandem repeat region. The gene orders of them are all highly rearranged. Within the subfamily Hormaphidinae, the presence of repeat region and mitogenome rearrangement in Cerataphidini species but not in the other two tribes indicate that these may be Cerataphidini-specific features. The same gene rearrangement pattern in the two Lachninae species, N. piri (Tuberolachnini) and Stomaphis sinisalicis (Stomaphidini), supports that this feature should be at least derived from the common ancestor of two tribes. Overall, our data and analyses provide new insights into the evolutionary patterns of gene rearrangement and repeat region in aphid mitogenomes, and further corroborate the potential role of gene rearrangement in elucidating the evolutionary history of different insect lineages.

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The first complete mitochondrial genome of Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae)

Cited by 4 publications

References 27 publications

Whole-genome sequence of the Cooley spruce gall adelgid, Adelges cooleyi (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Adelgidae)

Whole-genome sequence of the Cooley spruce gall adelgid, Adelges cooleyi (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Adelgidae)

Genomes of two invasiveAdelgesspecies (hemlock woolly adelgid and pineapple gall adelgid)enable characterization of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

Insights into the Evolution of Aphid Mitogenome Features from New Data and Comparative Analysis

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