The First Consecutive 5000 Patients with COVID-19 in Qatar; a Nation-wide Cohort Study

Abstract

Background There are limited data on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes at a national level, and none after 60 days of follow up. The aim of this study was to describe national, 60-day all-cause mortality associated with COVID-19, and to identify risk factors associated with admission to an intensive care unit (ICU). Methods This was a retrospective cohort study including the first consecutive 5000 patients with COVID-19 in Qatar who completed 60 days of follow up by June 17, 2020. Outcomes included all-cause mortality at 60 days after COVID-19 diagnosis, and risk factors for admission to ICU. Results Included patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 between February 28 and April 17, 2020. The majority (4436, 88.7%) were males and the median age was 35 years [interquartile range (IQR) 28-43]. By 60 days after COVID-19 diagnosis, 14 patients (0.28%) had died, 10 (0.2%) were still in hospital, and two (0.04%) were still in ICU. Fatal COVID-19 cases had a median age of 59.5 years (IQR 55.8-68), and were mostly males (13, 92.9%). All included pregnant women (26, 0.5%), children (131, 2.6%), and healthcare workers (135, 2.7%) were alive and not hospitalized at the end of follow up. A total of 1424 patients (28.5%) required hospitalization, out of which 108 (7.6%) were admitted to ICU. Most frequent co-morbidities in hospitalized adults were diabetes (23.2%), and hypertension (20.7%). Multivariable logistic regression showed that older age [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.041, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.022-1.061 per year increase; P <0.001], male sex (aOR 4.375, 95% CI 1.964-9.744; P <0.001), diabetes (aOR 1.698, 95% CI 1.050-2.746; P 0.031), chronic kidney disease (aOR 3.590, 95% CI 1.596-8.079, P 0.002), and higher BMI (aOR 1.067, 95% CI 1.027-1.108 per unit increase; P 0.001), were all independently associated with increased risk of ICU admission. Conclusions In a relatively younger national cohort with a low co-morbidity burden, COVID-19 was associated with low all-cause mortality. Independent risk factors for ICU admission included older age, male sex, higher BMI, and co-existing diabetes or chronic kidney disease.

Probabilities of ICU Admission and Hospital Discharge According to Patient Characteristics in the Designated COVID-19 Hospital of Kuwait

“…In addition to increasing age and male gender, these studies identified as risk factors, CKD [21,22] and cancer [21], but also DM and/or obesity [21,10,23,22], HT and/or CHD/CVD [21,23,22]. Two studies in Qatar and Kuwait, specifically focusing on ICU admission, stressed the increased risk associated with DM [24], in contrast with our results, findings in the literature are quite heterogeneous. Actually, meta-analyses found that DM was associated with higher risk of composite event combining ICU admission with mortality and/or severe/critical form of the disease [25,26,27], while other meta-analyses found an absence of increased ICU risk [28,29] or the evidence inconclusive [30].…”

Epidemiological investigation of the first 5685 cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Qatar, 28 February–18 April 2020

“…In a subsequent report in which the first 5000 patients with COVID-19 infection in Qatar were followed for up to 60 days after diagnosis, a total of 1424 patients (28.5%) required hospitalisation, out of which 108 (7.6%) were admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU), 14 patients (0.28%) had died, 10 (0.2%) were still in hospital and 2 (0.04%) were still in ICU. 21 …”

“…In a subsequent report in which the first 5000 patients with COVID-19 infection in Qatar were followed for up to 60 days after diagnosis, a total of 1424 patients (28.5%) required hospitalisation, out of which 108 (7.6%) were admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU), 14 patients Open access (0.28%) had died, 10 (0.2%) were still in hospital and 2 (0.04%) were still in ICU. 21 Google mobility reports data demonstrated a significant decrease in number of people visiting retail and recreation outlets, grocery and pharmacy stores, parks, transit stations and workplaces over time (table 5). A concurrent increase in people staying in residential areas was observed over this timeframe.…”

Coronavirus and Pregnancy: A Literature Review of Maternal and Fetal Outcomes

“…Near three quarter (19) were hospitalized, counting one in intensive care unit (ICU), and altogether were discharged within the follow up dated. Nearby one third (10) pregnant women with coronavirus delivered throughout the follow up period; altogether had fit newborns with negative SARS-CoV-2 tests (Omrani, et al, 2020). In this context, primary studies propose that the infection is not transmitted from the mother to newborn by placental transmission or through discharges in the genital area.…”