“…Typical examples are bis-(15-crown-5) derivatives, 168 bis(calixarenes), 169 or bis-(cyclen) derivatives. 120 Trying to bring the two ions closer together led several authors to use large, predisposed, and flexible macrocycles based on Schiff bases or calixarene frameworks (L12-L16), Chart 2, [121][122][123][124][125]170 or on macrotricyclic units. 171,172 An alternative is to sandwich the two ions between two macrocycles, with small ligand molecules (hydroxyl groups, chlorides, dmso molecules) acting as bridging units; examples are complexes with para-substituted …”