The First Design and Application of Floating Photovoltaic (FPV) Energy Generation Systems in Turkey with Structural and Electrical Performance

Kaymak, Mustafa Kemal; Sahin, Ahmet Z.

doi:10.1007/s40684-021-00369-w

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…One issue, which drastically decreased electricity generation was soiling of the surface of the panels with bird droppings, but the authors found that such soiling could be prevented with a spray system. The authors of the current study reached similar conclusions with regard to electrical output and surface cleaning 5,20 …”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…One of the main weaknesses of conceptual studies is that they do not take into account field dynamics such as bird droppings, complex bathymetry, or other related issues; as a result, little is known about how those factors affect the electricity generation of FPVs. 5 A study conducted by Skoplak and Palyvos shows that the generation efficiency of a typical crystalline silicon solar cell decreases by 0.45% for every 1 C increase in the temperature of the solar cell. 6 Considering that situation, FPVs are appropriate power stations on lakes, hydropower dams, and bodies of water used for irrigation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors of the current study reached similar conclusions with regard to electrical output and surface cleaning. 5,20 Numerous studies have been carried out on conceptual designs, efficiency calculations based on differences in water and ground temperatures, and financial analyses. 9,21,22 The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the electricity generation of FPVs under actual atmospheric conditions in comparison to TPVs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study thus makes a major contribution to the field with respect to the installation of FPVs in locations subject to rough wave conditions and their electricity output in comparison to other systems. One of the main weaknesses of conceptual studies is that they do not take into account field dynamics such as bird droppings, complex bathymetry, or other related issues; as a result, little is known about how those factors affect the electricity generation of FPVs 5 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Floating and terrestrial photovoltaic systems comparison under extreme weather conditions

Kaymak

Sahin

2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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Greenhouse gas emissions are primarily caused by the exploitation of fossil fuels as an energy source, and one way to reduce those emissions is to utilize renewable energies such as solar irradiation conversion. In the city of Istanbul, two Floating Photovoltaic (FPV) prototypes were installed in 2016 on Büyükçekmece Lake, a large body of water that supplies fresh water to the city, as a means of both reducing evaporation loss and generating electricity. The systems had capacities of 90 and 30 kWp, respectively. Additionally, a 30 kWp capacity Terrestrial Photovoltaic (TPV) system was installed to facilitate a comparison of electricity generation between the systems. FPV systems, which have been hailed as new alternatives to TPVs, are generally set up on calm bodies of water. Büyükçekmece Lake, however, is open to severe weather conditions, including wind-driven waves that can reach heights of 1.5 to 3.0 m, which can lead to unbalanced load distributions on FPVs and damage to the systems. Of the two systems that were installed, one of them had a semiflexible frame, but that prototype ultimately failed as a result of wave action. However, a new design referred to here as a "fully flexible FPV system," held up under the severe conditions on the lake. The total amount of electricity generated by the first 90 kWp FPV system was approximately 17 400 kWh and the capacity factor was around 42% for a period of 467 hours between May 19, 2017 and July 4, 2017. Between November 21, 2018 and December 22, 2018, the second FPV system generated 309 kWh, while the TPV had an output of 365 kWh. The capacity factors for the systems were calculated as 14.51% and 17.15%, respectively. The most important finding of these studies concerns in order for FPV systems to operate safely in severe weather conditions that can result in unbalanced load distributions, the units that comprise the system must be able to float independently, and the system connections must be flexible. Moreover, based on the measured values it was found that in terms of electricity output, neither FPVs nor TPVs have a major advantage when compared to each other.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Floating and terrestrial photovoltaic systems comparison under extreme weather conditions

Kaymak

Sahin

2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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“…Descriptions of applications related to FPV plants in South Korea [18], or in Turkey [19], or simulations to supply electricity to a large city in Indonesia [20] are also subjects of study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FPV for Sustainable Electricity Generation in a Large European City

et al. 2021

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There is a huge interest worldwide related to continuously increasing the use of renewable energy sources (RES) for electricity generation. Romania, at this moment, even though it has to attain a share of 30.7% of RES from total energy consumption by 2030, does not have any major investment project of this kind in the near future. Photovoltaic (PV) is one of the most promising technologies, with decreasing prices for PV panels but with the disadvantage of large, needed surfaces. This study presents a solution to install PV panels where there is a need for electricity, in a large city, by using the surface of a reservoir. “Lacul Morii” Reservoir in Bucharest is the choice for the case study. The insolation and the possibility to install floating PV, as well as electricity generation, benefits for water quality and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions reduction are assessed, and even the installation of charging stations for electric bikes and cars. The results are very promising, and the main conclusion is that, after its realization, the floating photovoltaic (FPV) plant on “Lacul Morii” Reservoir will be a source of clean electricity and a demonstration project on how to benefit from solar energy to produce electricity in large cities where there are reservoirs.

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