The first detection and in vivo pathogenicity characterization of Saprolegnia delica from Kashmir Himalayas

Magray, Aqib Rehman; Lone, Showkat Ahmad; Ganai, Bashir Ahmad; Ahmad, Fayaz; Hafeez, Sabira

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.736876

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…In addition, Nile tilapia exposed to S. ferax zoospores (2 × 10 4 spore/L) showed cumulative mortalities of up to 92.5% over 3 weeks 47 . Stueland et al 38 revealed 89 and 31% cumulative mortalities when Atlantic salmons, Salmo salar L. S. declina zoospore (2.5 × 10 6 spore/mL) experimental infection in scaled carp fingerling revealed 55% cumulative mortalities 48 , S. parasitica spores at a concentration of 1.0 × 10 4 zoospores/L were able to induce 80% mortality ten days following challenges 42 , and Kumar et al 49 recorded 100% mortality in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus experimentally infected with S. parasitica zoospores (2 × 10 6 /L).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host–pathogen interaction unveiled by immune, oxidative stress, and cytokine expression analysis to experimental Saprolegnia parasitica infection in Nile tilapia

Gamal

Adawy²,

Zaki

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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The present study evaluated the pathogenicity, immunological, and oxidant/antioxidant responses against Saprolegnia parasitica (S. parasitica) infection in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Three groups of Nile tilapia were assigned as the control group (no zoospores exposure). The other two groups were challenged by Saprolegnia zoospores; one was used for sampling, and the other for mortality monitoring. The study lasted 3 weeks and was sampled at three point times at 1, 2, and 3 weeks. Results showed that S. parasitica zoospores were pathogenic to Nile tilapia, causing a cumulative mortality rate of 86.6%. Immunoglobulin M and C- reactive protein (IgM and CRP) levels showed a similar trend being significantly (P < 0.05, P < 0.001) higher in the infected group at weeks 1, 2, and 3, respectively, compared to the control group. Oxidant and antioxidant parameters in gills revealed that Malondialdehyde (MDA) level was significantly higher in the infected group compared to the control group. While catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase (CAT, GSH, and SOD) levels were significantly decreased in the infected group compared to the control group. Compared to the control, the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) gene was firmly upregulated in gill tissue at all-time points, particularly at day 14 post-infection. Meanwhile, Interleukin 1-β (IL-1 β) gene was significantly upregulated only at days 7 and 14 post-infection compared to control. Histopathological examination revealed destructive and degenerative changes in both skin and gills of experimentally infected Nile tilapia. Our findings suggest that Nile tilapia-S. parasitica infection model was successful in better understanding of pathogenicity and host (fish)-pathogen (oomycete) interactions, where the induced oxidative stress and upregulation of particular immune biomarkers in response to S. parasitica infection may play a crucial role in fish defense against oomycetes in fish.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host–pathogen interaction unveiled by immune, oxidative stress, and cytokine expression analysis to experimental Saprolegnia parasitica infection in Nile tilapia

Gamal

Adawy²,

Zaki

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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“…This is also the case of the genus Chaetoceros which is non-toxic to humans but harmful to fish and invertebrates (especially in intensive aquaculture systems) by damaging or clogging their gills [32]. Several species of Chromista are responsible of zoonoses, as the case of oomycetes Saprolegnia responsible of the saprolegnosis pathology in fish [33] and the case of labyrinthulomycetes that cause diseases in aquatic animals [34]. Apart from the harmful impact reported in several species, some species (case of labyrinthulomycetes) live as commensals or mutualists within the guts and tissues of aquatic invertebrates and they are saprobic on animal faeces and molluscs shells [34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiversity and the Community Structure of Chromista Cavalier-Smith, 1981 in Nyong and Kienke River Mouths (South-Cameroon)

Mokam,

Toukem,

Teufack

et al. 2024

IJEE

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A survey was undertaken from March to June 2014 on the biodiversity and the community structure of Chromista Cavalier-Smith, 1981 in Nyong and Kienke River mouths (South-Cameroon). In each river, raw waters were collected from upstream to downstream at four sites. Cells were counted using the Malassez cells procedure and species were identified. A total of 10427.1x105 cells corresponded to three phyla, eight classes, 23 orders, 32 genera and 40 species (24 freshwater species (60.0% of total species richness and total collection respectively), three marine species (7.5% and 2.4% of the total species richness; and total collection respectively), and one brackish water specialist in Kienke (2.5% and 5.1%), 13 tolerant species (32.5% and 32.6%)). The trophic diatom index revealed undisturbed conditions with no or little alteration of human origin and a low organic pollution (oligotrophic or mesotrophic state) (Nyong: TDI=52.7; Kienke: TDI=69.7; pooled assemblage: TDI=65.0). A low species richness was detected (richness ratio in Nyong: d=0.008; Kienke: d=0.003; pooled rivers: d=0.004), a high species diversity (Shannon index close to maximum) (Nyong: H’=2.742 and H’max=2.996; Kienke: H’=2.685 and H’max=2.996; pooled rivers: H’=3.245 and H’max=3.689), a very low dominance by a few species (Berger-Parker index close to 0) (Nyong: IBP=0.156; Kienke: IBP=0.175; pooled rivers: IBP=0.134), and Hill’s ratio were close to 1 (Nyong: Hill=0.819; Kienke: Hill=0.803; pooled rivers: Hill=0.722). The community was highly even with a high value of the Pielou’s evenness close to 1 (Nyong: J=0.915; Kienke: J=0.896; pooled rivers: J=0.880). Two useful species and one harmful species to fish were rare in Kienke. Species exhibited in Kienke and pooled data in rainy season, a positive global net association while it was negative in Nyong. Assemblage fitted Preston’s model in Nyong with a high environmental constant in the dry season (m’=1.469), low constant in the rainy season (m’=0.947) and the pooled seasons (m’=0.853). In Kienke constants were low (dry season: m’=0.574; rainy season: m’=0.566; pooled seasons: m’=0.581) suggesting a evolved community in less disturbed environments where the majority of species showed moderate abundances. In the dry season, the pooled assemblage functionned on the basis of maintaining a complex information network (close to ecological balance) developed at spatio-temporal scales (ZM model) and it presented a low force of regeneration (fractal dimension of the distribution of individuals among species (1/γ)=0.925<1). The evolved oligotrophic state (close to natural balance) of the chromists’ community should be preserved and protected and the studied rivers classified as reference.

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Coumarin‐Based Light‐Responsive Composite Nanochannel Membranes for Precise Controlled Release of Pesticides

Gong,

Zhou,

Faraj

et al. 2024

Adv Funct Materials

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The precise, controllable, and safe application of pesticides can effectively reduce pesticide consumption and minimize chemical pollution at the source. Here, a light‐responsive controlled‐release system with flexible control, precise release, easy recovery, and suitability for future pesticide application in aquatic environments is proposed. The system precisely controls the release of pesticides through a light‐responsive composite nanochannel membrane (CTC@SNM/PET) with reactive coumarin derivatives (CTC) as gating molecules. The prepared nanochannel membrane has an ultrathin thickness of 67.5 nm and well‐ordered vertical nanochannels with a uniform size of 1.9 nm, providing a prerequisite for precise molecular gating and high permeability for mass transport. CTC monomers can realize cycloaddition/cyclocracking and nanochannel closing/opening to control the release of pesticides by controlling 365/254 nm ultraviolet light irradiation. As a proof of concept, the light‐responsive controlled‐release system based on CTC@MSF/PET against Saprolegnia parasitica achieves an inhibition rate of more than 95% and reduces pesticide residues by 56.5% compared to the control group. The proposed membrane system has great application potential to easily enable remote, quantitative, timed, and positioned pesticide application, thereby reducing pesticide residues and providing a prospective approach to reducing environmental and human risks.

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The first detection and in vivo pathogenicity characterization of Saprolegnia delica from Kashmir Himalayas

Cited by 7 publications

References 61 publications

Host–pathogen interaction unveiled by immune, oxidative stress, and cytokine expression analysis to experimental Saprolegnia parasitica infection in Nile tilapia

Host–pathogen interaction unveiled by immune, oxidative stress, and cytokine expression analysis to experimental Saprolegnia parasitica infection in Nile tilapia

Biodiversity and the Community Structure of Chromista Cavalier-Smith, 1981 in Nyong and Kienke River Mouths (South-Cameroon)

Coumarin‐Based Light‐Responsive Composite Nanochannel Membranes for Precise Controlled Release of Pesticides

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