The first discovery of in situPelophylax pueyoi(Amphibia: Anura) from the Late Miocene of Libros Konservat-Lagerstätte (Teruel, Spain)

Abstract

For the first time, a specimen of Pelophylax pueyoi Navás, 1922a has been recovered in situ, about 600 meters from the main entrance inside the Libros II mine (Teruel, Spain). The fossil comes from the Libros Gypsum Unit (Late Miocene), and represents a nearly complete articulated adult frog exposed in ventral view, with partial preservation of soft tissues. The only apomorphic character diagnosing the family Ranidae is the presence of cylindrical sacral diapophyses. Other characteristics congruent with that of the family Ranidae can be observed: sphenethmoid fused medially, large and oval orbital fossa, well-developed pterygoids without alar expansion and the inner ramus clearly shorter than the posterolateral ramus, transverse processes of presacral vertebrae and sacral diapophyses of subequal length, sacrum unfused with the urostyle, probable bicondylar sacro-urostylar articulation, transverse processes of the urostyle lacking, absence of ribs, and elongated hind limb. An apomorphic combination of features of the genus Pelophylax can also be recognized, such as the more open sacral diapophysis, and less elongated and more robust femora than usually observed in the genus Rana. Finally, some discrete characteristics permit establishing a close relationship with P. pueyoi, such as the large size of the fossil, the wide proportion of the skull, and the somewhat trapezoidal distal contour of the V4 transverse processes. The carpus of P. pueyoi is described here for the first time, suggesting a similar condition of the adult carpal morphology found in most Neobatrachian species. Presence or absence of a praepollex in P. pueyoi still cannot be resolved.

The oldest articulated ranid from Europe: a Pelophylax specimen from the lowest Oligocene of Chartres-de-Bretagne (N.W. France)

“…esculentus , as hybridization is possible between species included into this complex (Lymberakis et al, 2007), and few (if any) osteological differences exists (Crochet et al, 1995). Thus, most of the taxa erected since the 19th century are considered dubious (Sanchíz, 1998; Rocěk, 2013; Blain et al, 2023).…”

“…Pelophylax aquensis has been considered closely related to the Miocene "Rana" meriani (Piveteau, 1927). Furthermore, a recent redescription of Pelophylax pueyoi (Blain et al, 2023) mentioned that the latter taxon (P. peuyoi) could be a subjective junior synonym of the Lower Miocene "Rana" meriani Meyer, 1852 (Meyer, 1860). Thus, a complete revision of the Oligo-Miocene Pelophylax is needed to assess if they represent distinct taxa, and if they could be differentiated from extant Pelophylax taxa.…”