The First Outbreak of Camelpox in Syria

Al-Zi'abi, Omar; Nishikawa, Hiroaki; Meyer, Hermann

doi:10.1292/jvms.69.541

Cited by 39 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…were also recorded from Syrian provinces namely, Hama and Duma (Al-Ziabi et al, 2007) and in India (Figure 2) Bera et al, 2011).…”

Section: Advances In Animal and Veterinary Sciencesmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Generalized and localized forms of infections mainly observed in young and older animals respectively. Morbidity, mortality and case fatality rates (CFR) may ranges from 30 to 90%, 1 to15% and 25% respectively (Al-Ziabi et al, 2007). The recovered animals may acquire life-long protective immunity to reinfection of homologues virus (Wernery and Kaaden, 2002).…”

Section: Camelpoxmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The disease is transmitted naturally by direct contact of infected animals with susceptible animal or by indirect contact with contaminated environment (Al-Ziabi et al, 2007). The route of transmission is via inhalation or through skin abrasions.…”

Section: Disease Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Camelpox infections are usually diagnosed based on appearance of clinical signs, epizootiological, postmortem findings (Buchnev et al, 1987), virus isolation and identification, electron microscopy and antigen capture ELISA . Restriction enzyme analysis and transmission electron microscopy (typical brick-shaped) can be used for differentiation of parapoxviruses from other OPVs (Murphy et al, 1999;Al-Ziabi et al, 2007).…”

Section: Diagnostic Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Camelpox and Buffalopox: Two Emerging and Re-emerging Orthopox Viral Diseases of India

Prabhu¹

2015

Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

| World Health Assembly declared that the world is free from smallpox virus infection and vaccination against smallpox is not recommended since May 8, 1980. Since then several incidences of infections due to poxvirus reported in different parts of the world in humans and animals and the trend has now been increasing. In India, camelpox and buffalopox are the two important Orthopoxvirus (OPV) infections considered as emerging public health concern since last decade due to augmented reports of outbreaks and isolated cases. Both are highly contagious zoonotic viral diseases. Camelpox is an economically important, notifiable skin disease of camelids and could be used as a potential bio-warfare agent. Though, vaccines are available in few countries, this disease has received much attention in present days due to emergence of infections in human beings. Buffalopox is also causing tangible and intangible losses in affected herds which has no commercial vaccines at field to protect. Hence, novel, specific, sensitive, rapid and cost-effective diagnostic techniques would be useful in identification, thereby early implementations of therapeutic and preventives measures to curtail these diseases. This review provides an overview on the epidemiology, clinical picture, biology, diagnostic approaches and the preventive measures on the two emerging and re-emerging disease of India viz. camelpox and buffalopox.

show abstract

“…were also recorded from Syrian provinces namely, Hama and Duma (Al-Ziabi et al, 2007) and in India (Figure 2) Bera et al, 2011).…”

Section: Advances In Animal and Veterinary Sciencesmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Camelpoxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Disease Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diagnostic Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Camelpox and Buffalopox: Two Emerging and Re-emerging Orthopox Viral Diseases of India

Prabhu¹

2015

Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For the detection of OPXV infections in camels, Southern blot hybridization, REA, mapping of viral DNA, and A type inclusion (ATI ) genespecific PCR assays have been used. 18 Although the ATI and the hemagglutinin (HA) gene-based PCRs developed for the diagnosis and differentiation of OPXVs 2,15,18,20 have been effective, these assays may not be suitable for rapid (because the length of PCR products is long), routine, specific diagnosis of camelpox infections and their simultaneous differentiation. A specific diagnostic PCR for the detection of CMLV has not yet been reported.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Polymerase Chain Reaction Strategy for the Diagnosis of Camelpox

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Camelpox is a contagious viral skin disease that is mostly seen in young camels. The disease is caused by the Camelpox virus (CMLV). In the present study, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay based on the C18L gene (encoding ankyrin repeat protein) and a duplex PCR based on the C18L and DNA polymerase (DNA pol ) genes were developed. The former assay yields a specific amplicon of 243 bp of the C18L gene, whereas the duplex PCR yields 243-and 96-bp products of the C18L and DNA pol genes, respectively, in CMLV, and only a 96-bp product of the DNA pol gene in other orthopoxviruses. The limit of detection was as low as 0.4 ng of viral DNA. Both PCR assays were employed successfully for the direct detection and differentiation of CMLV from other orthopoxviruses, capripoxviruses, and parapoxviruses in both cell culture samples and clinical material. Furthermore, a highly sensitive SYBR Green dye-based, realtime PCR was optimized for quantitation of CMLV DNA. In the standard curve of the quantitative assay, the melting temperature of the specific amplicon at 77.6uC with peak measured fluorescence in dissociation plot was observed with an efficiency of 102%. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report to describe a C18L gene-based PCR for specific diagnosis of camelpox infection.

show abstract