The first report of Cryptosporidium spp. in Microtus fuscus (Qinghai vole) and Ochotona curzoniae (wild plateau pika) in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau area, China

Zhang, Xueyong; Jian, Yingna; Li, Xiuping; Ma, Liang; Karanis, Gabriele; Karanis, Panagiotis

doi:10.1007/s00436-018-5827-5

Cited by 22 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Wild mammals, especially rodents, can coexist in anthropogenic environments and pose a risk to public health as they are reservoirs of viruses, bacteria and parasites [ 16 ], many of them with zoonotic importance, including some Cryptosporidium species, among others [ 17 ]. There are hosts of a large number of Cryptosporidium species and genotypes that have been diagnosed in sporadic human cases including C. parvum , C. muris , C. ubiquitum , C. meleagridis , C. scrofarum , Cryptosporidium proliferans , Cryptosporidium occultus , C. viatorum , C. canis , Cryptosporidium wrairi , C. tyzzeri , Cryptosporidium rubeyi , C. andersoni , C. hominis , C. suis and rat genotypes I–IV, mouse genotypes II and III, the Naruko genotype, ferret genotype, chipmunk genotypes, hamster genotype, deer mouse genotypes I-IV, vole genotype, bear genotype, muskrat genotypes I and II and ground squirrel genotypes I–III [ 18 – 20 ]. Furthermore, recently some new species have been described in different rodent species, among them Cryptosporidium alticolis and Cryptosporidium microti in wild-caught common voles [ 21 ], Cryptosporidium ditrichi and Cryptosporidium apodemi in Apodemus spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of Cryptosporidium spp. in wild rodents from the Canary Islands, Spain

2020

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Background: Cryptosporidium spp. are worldwide protozoan parasites which include species that can lead to cryptosporidiosis in humans. Different animal species can serve as reservoirs and sources of dissemination of the disease, such as rodent species due their potential in transmitting zoonotic pathogens to humans and other animals. In the Canary Islands (Spain), Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis have been identified in patients with diarrhea. However, the occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. in possible reservoirs in this archipelago remains unclear. Considering the zoonotic potential of these protozoans, the aim of the present study was to determine the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. in peridomestic wild rodents and the possible role of these mammals as a source of transmission of these protozoans in Canary Islands. Methods: A total of 179 rodents belonging to Rattus rattus and Mus musculus domesticus from four Canary Islands, La Palma, El Hierro, Tenerife and Lanzarote, were analyzed. Feces were screened for Cryptosporidium spp. by nested PCR of the 18S ribosomal RNA fragment and the sequences used for phylogenetic analyses. Results: Cryptosporidium spp. were found widely distributed with an overall prevalence of 12.30% in rodents (13.86% for R. rattus and 10.25% for M. m. domesticus). The overall prevalence by island was 19.60% for Tenerife, 7.14% for La Palma, 5.71% for El Hierro and 0% for Lanzarote. Cryptosporidium tyzzeri, Cryptosporidium meleagridis, Cryptosporidium muris and Cryptosporidium sp. rat genotype I and II/III were successfully identified, in addition to two unidentified Cryptosporidium genotypes. Conclusions: This study contributes to the knowledge of the biodiversity and distribution of Cryptosporidium spp. in wild rodents from the Canary Islands, highlighting the presence of three zoonotic species, C. tyzzeri, C. meleagridis and C. muris, being the first detection of these three species in wild rodents in the Canary Islands and the first report of C. meleagridis in R. rattus. Given the results obtained in our study, future studies in non-sampled areas are required to better understand the epidemiology of these protozoans in wild rodents in the archipelago.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of Cryptosporidium spp. in wild rodents from the Canary Islands, Spain

2020

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“…in rats in Asia, Australia and Europe, identifying the occurrence of 17 Cryptosporidium species or genotypes including C. parvum , C.ubiquitum , C. muris , C. andersoni , C. proliferans , C. scrofarum , C. meleagridis , C. occultus , C. viatorum and C. tyzzeri , C. canis and Cryptosporidium rat genotypes I to IV, Cryptosporidium pika genotype and Cryptosporidium Qinghai vole genotype. Amongst them, C. parvum , C. muris and rat genotype III were most frequently observed in rats, suggesting them to be major sources of human infection (Koehler et al, 2018; Zhao et al, 2018; Zhang et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In China, studies on zoonotic protozoa in rats are limited and no studies have been performed in Hainan (Zhao et al, 2015, 2018; Zhang et al, 2018). The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium in wild rats captured from different areas of Hainan and to characterize the isolates to assess their zoonotic potential at the species and subtype level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptosporidium spp. in wild rats (Rattus spp.) from the Hainan Province, China: Molecular detection, species/genotype identification and implications for public health

Zhao

Zhou

Huang

et al. 2019

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

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Wild rats ( Rattus spp.) carry many zoonotic pathogens including Cryptosporidium. Due to the close proximity of rats to humans in urban environments, the potential for disease transmission is high. Cryptosporidium is a protozoan parasite which when ingested causes serious human illness. Despite its importance, genetic characterization of Cryptosporidium in wild rats in the Hainan province of China has not been performed. In this study, we analyzed the occurrence and genetics of Cryptosporidium in wild rats from Hainan, China. From December 2017 to October 2018, 150 wild rats were captured and fresh fecal material was collected from intestinal sections. Rat species were identified by PCR-based amplification and analysis of the vertebrate cytochrome b ( cytb ) gene. Cryptosporidium was examined by PCR amplification of the partial small subunit of ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA). C. viatorum were subtyped by PCR analysis of the gp60 gene. A total of four rat species were identified including Asian house rats ( Rattus tanezumi ) (n = 46), brown rats ( Rattus norvegicus ) (n = 56), Edward's long-tailed rats ( Leopoldamys edwardsi ) (n = 38) and muridae ( Niviventer fulvescens ) (n = 10), with Cryptosporidium positive rates of 73.9%, 28.6%, 55.3% and 40.0%, respectively (average infection rate: 50.0%, 75/150. Sequence analysis confirmed the presence of four Cryptosporidium species and two genotypes including C. viatorum (n = 11); C. occultus (n = 2); C. muris (n = 1); and C. erinacei (n = 1); rat genotypes III (n = 13) and IV (n = 47). Three novel subtypes of C. viatorum were identified in 6 of the 11 infected Edward's long-tailed rats: XVcA2G1a (n = 4), XVcA2G1b (n = 1) and XVdA3 (n = 1). The identification of human pathogenic C. viatorum and zoonotic C. occultus , C. muris and C. erinacei, suggested that wild rats infected with Cryptosporidium pose a threat to human health. Taken together, these findings highlight the need to control the rat population in Hainan, China. The need to improve the public awareness of the risk of disease transmission from wild rats to humans is also highlighted.

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“…Whilst molecular epidemiological investigations of animal cryptosporidiosis have gained interest, studies have focused on farm animals (pigs, sheep and cattle) or pets (dogs and cats) (Ryan et al, 2016). Molecular epidemiological data revealed the presence of at least 11 species and 20genotypes of Cryptosporidium in rodents, with 17 species or genotypes found in rats, including C. parvum , C. ubiquitum , C. muris , C. andersoni , C. proliferans , C. scrofarum , C. meleagridis , C. occultus , C. viatorum and C. tyzzeri , C. canis and Cryptosporidium rat genotypes I to IV, Cryptosporidium pika genotype and Cryptosporidium Qinghai vole genotype (Koehler et al, 2018; Zhao et al, 2018; Zhang et al, 2018; Kimura et al, 2007). Among them, C. parvum , C. muris and rat genotype III are most frequent in rats, implicating them as major sources of human infection (Koehler et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and diversity of Cryptosporidium spp. in bamboo rats (Rhizomys sinensis) in South Central China

Wei

Liu

Zhao

et al. 2019

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

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Cryptosporidium is one of the most prevalent zoonotic parasites and is responsible for the high burden of diarrheal disease across the globe. Rodents are globally overpopulated and are reservoirs for a variety of zoonotic pathogens. Bamboo rats are a common species of rodent that are bred for meat and wool in China. However, the genetic characterization of Cryptosporidium in bamboo rats in China is limited. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence and genetic characterization of Cryptosporidium in bamboo rats from South Central China. From February2017to February 2018, 435 fecal samples were collected from bamboo rats in 13 farms located in 12 cities in South Central China. All fecal specimens were examined for Cryptosporidium by PCR, and through sequencing the partial small subunit of ribosomal DNA (SSU rRNA). C. parvum -positive samples were further subtyped through analysis of the 60-kDa glycoprotein ( gp60 ) gene sequence. Meanwhile, all the new Cryptosporidium genotypes samples were selected for further sequence characterization at the 70-kDa heat shock protein ( HSP70 ) gene and oocyst wall protein ( COWP ) gene as well as gp60 gene. Infection rates of 2.1% (9/435) were recorded for Cryptosporidium . Sequence analysis confirmed the presence of two Cryptosporidium species including C. parvum (n = 2), C. occultus (n = 1) and two new Cryptosporidium genotypes termed Cryptosporidium bamboo rat genotype I (n = 5) and Cryptosporidium bamboo rat genotype II (n = 1). Two subtypes of C. parvum were identified including IIdA15G1 and IIpA19 (one each).The discovery of zoonotic Cryptosporidium species/genotypes in bamboo rats suggests they have significant zoonotic potential and pose a threat to human health. The novel sequences discovered provide new insight into genotypic variations in Cryptosporidium in bamboo rats.

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The first report of Cryptosporidium spp. in Microtus fuscus (Qinghai vole) and Ochotona curzoniae (wild plateau pika) in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau area, China

Cited by 22 publications

References 49 publications

Diversity of Cryptosporidium spp. in wild rodents from the Canary Islands, Spain

Diversity of Cryptosporidium spp. in wild rodents from the Canary Islands, Spain

Cryptosporidium spp. in wild rats (Rattus spp.) from the Hainan Province, China: Molecular detection, species/genotype identification and implications for public health

Prevalence and diversity of Cryptosporidium spp. in bamboo rats (Rhizomys sinensis) in South Central China

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