The first report of detecting the bla SIM-2 gene and determining the complete sequence of the SIM-encoding plasmid

Abstract

An imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain HN39 that harbours a blaSIM-2-carrying plasmid pHN39-SIM, was isolated from a patient with craniocerebral infections in China. The SIM-2 protein differs from SIM-1 by a single amino acid substitution Gly198Asp. pHN39-SIM is a novel 282-kb megaplasmid and it possesses the replication and partition systems of an unknown incompatibility group. pHN39-SIM carries a total of ten separate accessory modules especially including a novel 38.8-kb multidrug resistance region. In addition to the known transposable elements ISPst3, a Tn5563a remnant, IS1071, Tn5046, ΔTn4662a and ΔTn512, harboured in these accessory modules are six novel ones ISPa59 to ISPa62, In1208 and Tn6284. The multidrug resistance region is composed of Tn6284 generated from the insertion of an In4-family integron In1208 into Tn5046, and a Tn4662a-derived element with the insertion of ΔTn512 connected with two other genes. In1208 carries not only blaSIM-2 but several additional genes accounting for resistance to erythromycin, chloramphenicol, rifampicin, streptomycin, quaternary ammonium compounds, sulphonamides and mercury.

Detection of blaSPM-1 and blaSIM-2 Metallo-β-Lactamases Genes in Imipenem-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical Isolates Recovered from Two University Hospitals in Egypt

“…Our data showed the emergence of one blaSIM-2-producing P. aeruginosa clinical isolate out of 114 total isolates with a prevalence of (0.8%). As per literature, blaSIMproducing P. aeruginosa was previously reported in China 44 . Further investigations are required to identify possible reasons whereby blaSIM gene was transferred to Egypt.…”

A novel blaSIM-1-carrying megaplasmid pSIM-1-BJ01 isolated from clinical Klebsiella pneumonia

“…Up to now, mentioning the bla SIM -harbouring plasmids, only the pHN39-SIM from P. aeruginosa was fully sequenced and it was untransferable to E.coli through conjugation or electroporation (4). It contains one MDR region with seven resistant genes ( bla SIM-2 , ereA1, catB3q, arr3, aadA1a, qacEΔ1 and sulI ) and two different mercury resistance gene (mer) arrays (a and b).…”

“…In 2011, an A. baylyi strain with a 360-kb plasmid carrying both bla SIM-1 and bla OXA-23 was isolated from a Chinese patient in Ningbo of China, who had no history of visiting Korea, but the sequence of the 360-kb plasmid was unclear (3). In 2012, a Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain with a 282-kb bla SIM-2 -harbouring plasmid pHN39-SIM (Genebank Acession Number KU254577) was isolated from a Chinese patient in Zhengzhou of China; the 282-kb bla SIM-2 -harbouring plasmid was sequenced, showing the SIM-2 protein differs from SIM-1 due to only a single amino acid substitution Gly198Asp (4). Overall, the detection of bla SIM is rare and mainly reported by South Korea and China, mostly confined to Acinetobacter spp .…”

<p>The first report of a novel IncHI1B <em>bla</em>_SIM-1-carrying megaplasmid pSIM-1-BJ01 from a clinical <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> isolate</p>

“…In 2011, an A. baylyi strain with a 360-kb plasmid carrying both bla SIM-1 and bla OXA-23 was isolated from a Chinese patient in Ningbo, China, who had no history of visiting Korea, but the sequence of the 360-kb plasmid was not determined 3. In 2012, a Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain with a 282-kb bla SIM-2 -harbouring plasmid pHN39-SIM (Genbank: KU254577) was isolated from a Chinese patient in Zhengzhou, China; the 282-kb bla SIM-2 -harbouring plasmid was sequenced, showing the SIM-2 protein differs from SIM-1 due to only a single amino acid substitution Gly198Asp 4. Overall, the detection of bla SIM is rare and mainly reported by Korea and China, mostly confined to Acinetobacter spp .…”

“…In Acinetobacter spp ., the reported bla SIM-1 genes, derived from chromosome or plasmids, were always carried on a gene cassette inserted into a class 1 integron with three additional resistance genes ( arr-3, catB3 and aadA1 );1 the bla SIM-2 gene in the pHN39-SIM from P. aeruginosa was also inserted into a class 1 integron but in a different cassette array( ereA1, catB3q, gcu161, arr-3, aadA1a ) 4. Except for the pHN39-SIM, none of these plasmids is fully sequenced.…”