The First Results of the Project on Restoration of Genetic Diversity of the Saker Falcon Populations in the Altai-Sayan Region, Russia

Karyakin, Igor V.; Zinevich, Ludmila S.; Rozhkova, Darja N.; Nikolenko, Elvira G.; Shnayder, Elena P.; Сарычев, Е. И.; Beme, I. R.

doi:10.19074/1814-8654-2017-35-176-192

Cited by 3 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Consequently, we could not identify a case of mito-nuclear discordance 48 . Additionally, our larger scale screening of control region haplotypes in Altai birds 32 revealed the existence of haplotypes from the two main haplogroups in the studied samples. These observations, together with the F dM statistics (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…In spite of our basic understanding of the evolutionary history of the saker falcon, the origin Altai falcon has not been addressed in any genomic investigations even though it is on the brink of extinction in the wild 32 mostly due to illegal harvest for falconry 1 . Consequently, there is a need for investigating the genetic status and elucidate the phylogenetic position of the Altai falcon using a genomic approach in order to set up conservation priorities and strategies 33 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phylogenomic insights into the polyphyletic nature of Altai falcons within eastern sakers (Falco cherrug) and the origins of gyrfalcons (Falco rusticolus)

Zinevich,

Prommer,

Laczkó

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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The Altai falcon from Central Asia always attracted the attention of humans. Long considered a totemic bird in its native area, modern falconers still much appreciated this large-bodied and mighty bird of prey due to its rarity and unique look. The peculiar body characteristics halfway between the saker falcon (Falco cherrug) and the gyrfalcon (F. rusticolus) triggered debates about its contentious taxonomy. The weak phylogenetic signal associated with traditional genetic methods could not resolve this uncertainty. Here, we address the controversial evolutionary origin of Altai falcons by means of a genome-wide approach, Restriction-site Associated DNA sequencing, using sympatric eastern sakers falcons, allopatric western saker falcons and gyrfalcons as outgroup. This approach provided an unprecedented insight into the phylogenetic relationships of the studied populations by delivering 17,095 unlinked SNPs shedding light on the polyphyletic nature of Altai falcons within eastern sakers. Thus we concluded that the former must correspond to a low taxonomic rank, probably an ecotype or form of the latter. Also, we found that eastern sakers are paraphyletic without gyrfalcons, thus, these latter birds are best regarded as the direct sister lineage of the eastern sakers. This evolutionary relationship, corroborated also by re-analyzing the dataset with the inclusion of outgroup samples (F. biarmicus and F. peregrinus), put eastern sakers into a new light as the potential ancestral genetic source of high latitude and altitude adaptation in descendent populations. Finally, conservation genomic values hint at the stable genetic background of the studied saker populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenomic insights into the polyphyletic nature of Altai falcons within eastern sakers (Falco cherrug) and the origins of gyrfalcons (Falco rusticolus)

Zinevich,

Prommer,

Laczkó

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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“…By Nesting platforms attracting Saker Falcons for breeding, 1-1.5 × 1-1.5 m in size, were made from materials gathered on the spot (dry tree trunks, branches, and grass) and installed on trees (elm, poplar, pine, larch) at a height of 3 to 15 m or on 3 m concrete supports, in accordance with a previously published methodology (Karyakin, 2011). Photos of platforms occupied by Saker Falcons, arranged on concrete supports (A) and on trees (B), are shown in Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2010, 5 pairs of Saker Falcons formed here, and 2 more sites were occupied by young males. Breeding was observed on two sites, the nesting density was at 1.11 pairs/100 km 2 (Karyakin, Nikolenko, 2011). In 2011, 9 sites were occupied by Saker Falcon, breeding was observed at 4 of them; in 2014, 13 sites were occupied with breeding at 8 of them, including 6 platforms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Artificial Nests for the Saker Falcon in Mountainous Steppes of Southern Siberia – Platforms or Nestboxes?

Karyakin¹,

Nikolenko²,

Shnayder³

et al. 2022

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Installing artificial nests is a widely used method of managing wild bird populations around the world that allows to increase their numbers and/or productivity and breeding success. Among raptors this method is mostly used for small falcons and owls; however, artificial nests are also repeatedly used to attract such a rare species as the Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug) for breeding. We deployed a system of artificial nesting to restore the Saker Falcon population in former agrocenoses of Siberian mountain steppe and forest-steppe, which had not been used for agriculture since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. Since 2006 our experiment showed a systematic increase in the Saker Falcon numbers from 1 to 47 pairs. Before 2018 we only used open platforms, and after 2018 we began to install nestboxes, so in the article we can compare birds' response to open and closed nests. We evaluate the artificial nesting impact on Saker Falcon population growth, as well as a number of other raptor species. We also describe the phenomenon of a sharp increase in the number of all raptor species in 2020–2021, attributing this to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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“…For data visualization, we used a gridbased mapping (Karyakin et al, 2012). In the present article, we used a rectangular grid with a 0.5º (50×30 km) grid cell 121 .…”

Section: оценка численности мониторинг гнездовых группировок смена mentioning

confidence: 99%

Saker Falcon in the Altai-Sayan Region: Results of Monitoring in 2016–2018

Karyakin¹,

Nikolenko²,

Shnayder³

2018

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Резюме В статье приведены результаты мониторинга популяции сокола-балобана (Falco cherrug) в Алтае-Саянском экорегионе (АСЭР). В Красноярском крае, республиках Хакасия, Тыва, Алтай и в горной части Алтайского края в 2016-2018 гг. осмотрено 129 гнездовых участков балобанов (35,44% от общего количества известных в настоящее время в АСЭР), 90 из которых оказались занятыми птицами и на 47 гнездовых участках зарегистрировано успешное размножение. Оценка численности балобана с учётом экспертных оценок по состоянию на 2018 г. в АСЭР составила 1103-1216, в среднем 1163 гнездящихся пар, при этом-592-650, в среднем 623 успешных пар. Негативный тренд за последние 20 лет мониторинга составил-43,43%. Популяция балобана в борах Алтайского края практически исчезла, несмотря на снижение пресса отлова соколов в этом регионе. Наблюдения показали стремительную потерю алтае-саянскими популяциями балобана птиц, относящихся к так называемой форме «алтайский балобан» (altaicus) и птиц номинативного подвида (F. ch. cherrug). Основные причины сокращения численности балобана в регионе кроются в избирательном отлове самок для нужд соколиной охоты в странах Ближнего Востока. По многолетним наблюдениям на площадках один самец занимает гнездовой участок в среднем 10 лет, а одна самка-не более двух лет. При этом ловцы стараются изымать самок фенотипов «cherrug» и «altaicus» и максимально близких к ним по окраске, в меньшей степени отлавливая соколов фенотипов «progressus» и «milvipes» с интенсивной пятнистостью спины.

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The First Results of the Project on Restoration of Genetic Diversity of the Saker Falcon Populations in the Altai-Sayan Region, Russia

Cited by 3 publications

References 3 publications

Phylogenomic insights into the polyphyletic nature of Altai falcons within eastern sakers (Falco cherrug) and the origins of gyrfalcons (Falco rusticolus)

Phylogenomic insights into the polyphyletic nature of Altai falcons within eastern sakers (Falco cherrug) and the origins of gyrfalcons (Falco rusticolus)

Artificial Nests for the Saker Falcon in Mountainous Steppes of Southern Siberia – Platforms or Nestboxes?

Saker Falcon in the Altai-Sayan Region: Results of Monitoring in 2016–2018

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