The First Salamander Defensin Antimicrobial Peptide

Meng, Ping; Yang, Shilong; Shen, Chuanbin; Jiang, Ke; Lai, Ren

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0083044

Cited by 40 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Therefore, the sequencing of salamandrin-I resulted in the first bioactive peptide identified in S. salamandra skin secretions. However, it has 100% identity with the N-terminal region of CFBD-1 ( Figure S1), a polypeptide with moderate antimicrobial activity recently found in the skin of the Chinese salamander (Cynops fudingensis), as determined by Edman degradation and cDNA sequencing (Table 1) [53]. Table 1.…”

Section: Purification and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 94%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Antioxidant Peptide Salamandrin-I: First Bioactive Peptide Identified from Skin Secretion of Salamandra Genus (Salamandra salamandra)

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Amphibian skin is a multifunctional organ that plays key roles in defense, breathing, and water balance. In this study, skin secretion samples of the fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra) were separated using RP-HPLC and de novo sequenced using MALDI-TOF MS/MS. Next, we used an in silico platform to screen antioxidant molecules in the framework of density functional theory. One of the identified peptides, salamandrin-I, [M + H]+ = 1406.6 Da, was selected for solid-phase synthesis; it showed free radical scavenging activity against DPPH and ABTS radicals. Salamandrin-I did not show antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. In vitro assays using human microglia and red blood cells showed that salamandrin-I has no cytotoxicity up to the concentration of 100 µM. In addition, in vivo toxicity tests on Galleria mellonella larvae resulted in no mortality at 20 and 40 mg/kg. Antioxidant peptides derived from natural sources are increasingly attracting interest. Among several applications, these peptides, such as salamandrin-I, can be used as templates in the design of novel antioxidant molecules that may contribute to devising strategies for more effective control of neurological disease.

show abstract

Section: Purification and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The peptide CFBD-1 was classified as a β-defensin based on its sequence similarity with β-defensins from other vertebrates [53]. As far as we know, CFBD-1 is the first β-defensin antimicrobial peptide from a salamander.…”

Section: Species Sequencementioning

confidence: 99%

The Antioxidant Peptide Salamandrin-I: First Bioactive Peptide Identified from Skin Secretion of Salamandra Genus (Salamandra salamandra)

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In several salamanders species, the antimicrobial action of skin secretions has been attributed to antimicrobial compounds, most probably including AMPs [ 90 , 91 ]. However, to date only a single antimicrobial peptide (the defensin CFBD) has been described from Cynops fudingensis (Fuding fire belly newt) [ 92 ], leaving a wealth of novel AMPs to be discovered. To our knowledge, the antimicrobial action of CFBD against both Batrachochytrium species has not (yet) been evaluated.…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Amphibian chytridiomycosis: a review with focus on fungus-host interactions

Rooij

Martel

Haesebrouck

et al. 2015

Vet Res

178

215

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Amphibian declines and extinctions are emblematic for the current sixth mass extinction event. Infectious drivers of these declines include the recently emerged fungal pathogens Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Chytridiomycota). The skin disease caused by these fungi is named chytridiomycosis and affects the vital function of amphibian skin. Not all amphibians respond equally to infection and host responses might range from resistant, over tolerant to susceptible. The clinical outcome of infection is highly dependent on the amphibian host, the fungal virulence and environmental determinants. B. dendrobatidis infects the skin of a large range of anurans, urodeles and caecilians, whereas to date the host range of B. salamandrivorans seems limited to urodeles. So far, the epidemic of B. dendrobatidis is mainly limited to Australian, neotropical, South European and West American amphibians, while for B. salamandrivorans it is limited to European salamanders. Other striking differences between both fungi include gross pathology and thermal preferences. With this review we aim to provide the reader with a state-of-the art of host-pathogen interactions for both fungi, in which new data pertaining to the interaction of B. dendrobatidis and B. salamandrivorans with the host’s skin are integrated. Furthermore, we pinpoint areas in which more detailed studies are necessary or which have not received the attention they merit.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13567-015-0266-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

show abstract

“…The numerous AMPs apparently play an essential role in amphibian immunity against fungi and bacteria and may be important targets of positive selection (Tennessen et al 2009; Roelants et al 2013). Unfortunately, there is only very little information about AMPs in urodeles (Meng et al 2013). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Landscapes in newt Immune Genes Inferred from Patterns of Nucleotide Variation

Fijarczyk¹,

Dudek²,

Babik³

2016

Genome Biol Evol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Host–pathogen interactions may result in either directional selection or in pressure for the maintenance of polymorphism at the molecular level. Hence signatures of both positive and balancing selection are expected in immune genes. Because both overall selective pressure and specific targets may differ between species, large-scale population genomic studies are useful in detecting functionally important immune genes and comparing selective landscapes between taxa. Such studies are of particular interest in amphibians, a group threatened worldwide by emerging infectious diseases. Here, we present an analysis of polymorphism and divergence of 634 immune genes in two lineages of Lissotriton newts: L. montandoni and L. vulgaris graecus. Variation in newt immune genes has been shaped predominantly by widespread purifying selection and strong evolutionary constraint, implying long-term importance of these genes for functioning of the immune system. The two evolutionary lineages differ in the overall strength of purifying selection which can partially be explained by demographic history but may also signal differences in long-term pathogen pressure. The prevalent constraint notwithstanding, 23 putative targets of positive selection and 11 putative targets of balancing selection were identified. The latter were detected by composite tests involving the demographic model and further validated in independent population samples. Putative targets of balancing selection encode proteins which may interact closely with pathogens but include also regulators of immune response. The identified candidates will be useful for testing whether genes affected by balancing selection are more prone to interspecific introgression than other genes in the genome.

show abstract

The First Salamander Defensin Antimicrobial Peptide

Cited by 40 publications

References 22 publications

The Antioxidant Peptide Salamandrin-I: First Bioactive Peptide Identified from Skin Secretion of Salamandra Genus (Salamandra salamandra)

The Antioxidant Peptide Salamandrin-I: First Bioactive Peptide Identified from Skin Secretion of Salamandra Genus (Salamandra salamandra)

Amphibian chytridiomycosis: a review with focus on fungus-host interactions

Selective Landscapes in newt Immune Genes Inferred from Patterns of Nucleotide Variation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About