The first serological evidence for Rift Valley fever infection in the camel, goitered gazelle and Anatolian water buffaloes in Turkey

Gür, Sibel; Kale, Mehmet; Erol, Nural; Yapici, Orhan; Mamak, Nuri; Yavru, Sibel

doi:10.1007/s11250-017-1359-8

Cited by 32 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The higher prevalence reported could be attributed to the epidemics of RVF reported in these affected regions. In Sudan, [23] reported a prevalence of 9.6% in their studies and for the first time in Turkey, RVFV antibodies were reported in camels, with a prevalence of 1.3% [24]. Again, the areas in Sudan and Turkey had never experienced any epizootic of RVFV in livestock; however, antibodies were demonstrated, which may be an indication for a covert circulation waiting for the right environment for an outbreak to take place.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological evidence of Rift Valley fever infection and risk factors among one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Northern Nigeria

Adamu

Yila

Allam

et al. 2020

Preprint

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43 Background: Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic disease that has become emerging and re-44 emerging in some regions of the world, infecting livestock and humans. One-humped camels are 45 important economic livestock species in Africa used for traction, transportation, and food.46 Regional and international trade has continued to increase the risk of this disease, spreading 47 widely and causing severe economic and public health catastrophes in affected regions. In spite 48 of these risks, there is a dearth of information about the status of RVF in camels in Nigeria. This 3 49 study was carried out to determine the prevalence of the RVF virus in one-humped camels in 50 Nigeria and identify the risk factors associated with the disease.51 Methods: A cross-sectional study with simple random sampling was carried out in seven local 52 government areas of Jigawa and Katsina States. The sera from camels were tested for anti-RVFV 53 IgG. Camel owners were administered a structured questionnaire to ascertain their knowledge, 54 attitude, and practice. 55 Results: An overall prevalence of 19.9% (95% CI; 17.07-22.90) was recorded. Based on age 56 groups, the highest prevalence of 20.9% (95% CI; 17.00-25.31) was obtained among older 57 camels (6-10 years), while female camels recorded a high prevalence of 20.4% (95%CI; 15.71-58 25.80). Sule Tankar-kar recorded the highest prevalence with 33% (95%CI; 1.31-4.72, p= 0.007) 59 and OR 2.47 in Jigawa State while Mai'adua had 24.7% (95%CI; 0.97-2.73, p=0.030) with OR 60 1.62 in Katsina State respectively. From the risk map, local government areas bordering Niger 61 Republic were at a high risk of RVF. Only high rainfall was not significantly linked with RVF 62 occurrence among nomadic camel pastoralists (95%CI 0.93-5.20; p=0.070). 63Conclusion: There is a need for the country to have quarantine units across borders for 64 screening animals coming from neighbouring countries for transboundary infectious diseases 65 such as RVF. 66

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological evidence of Rift Valley fever infection and risk factors among one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Northern Nigeria

Adamu

Yila

Allam

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…One camel (1.4%) and 35 buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) (8.5%) samples were positive for RVF-specific antibodies. The positive results were detected in four different provinces of Turkey: Amasya, Ankara, Samsun and Afyon (Gur et al, 2017). In addition, Yilmaz et al (2017) detected antibodies against RVFV in 3.6%, 4.5% and 3.8% of tested children (n = 110), cattle (n = 200) and sheep (n = 160), respectively (see Section 3.1.2.3).…”

Section: Horn Of Africa Routesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Rift Valley Fever – epidemiological update and risk of introduction into Europe

Nielsen¹,

Álvarez²,

Bicout³

et al. 2020

EFS2

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Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a vector‐borne disease transmitted by a broad spectrum of mosquito species, especially Aedes and Culex genus, to animals (domestic and wild ruminants and camels) and humans. Rift Valley fever is endemic in sub‐Saharan Africa and in the Arabian Peninsula, with periodic epidemics characterised by 5–15 years of inter‐epizootic periods. In the last two decades, RVF was notified in new African regions (e.g. Sahel), RVF epidemics occurred more frequently and low‐level enzootic virus circulation has been demonstrated in livestock in various areas. Recent outbreaks in a French overseas department and some seropositive cases detected in Turkey, Tunisia and Libya raised the attention of the EU for a possible incursion into neighbouring countries. The movement of live animals is the most important pathway for RVF spread from the African endemic areas to North Africa and the Middle East. The movement of infected animals and infected vectors when shipped by flights, containers or road transport is considered as other plausible pathways of introduction into Europe. The overall risk of introduction of RVF into EU through the movement of infected animals is very low in all the EU regions and in all MSs (less than one epidemic every 500 years), given the strict EU animal import policy. The same level of risk of introduction in all the EU regions was estimated also considering the movement of infected vectors, with the highest level for Belgium, Greece, Malta, the Netherlands (one epidemic every 228–700 years), mainly linked to the number of connections by air and sea transports with African RVF infected countries. Although the EU territory does not seem to be directly exposed to an imminent risk of RVFV introduction, the risk of further spread into countries neighbouring the EU and the risks of possible introduction of infected vectors, suggest that EU authorities need to strengthen their surveillance and response capacities, as well as the collaboration with North African and Middle Eastern countries.

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“…Other examples of its transmission beyond the African mainland include its emergence in Islands of the Indian Ocean including Madagascar (69) and Mayotte (70). In addition, serological studies have suggested that RVFV may be circulating in Turkey (71) and Iran (72). To date there has been no evidence of RVFV introduction into Europe, although some researchers have speculated that this is likely based on previous examples of translocation out of Africa and a number of studies have shown that mosquito species in Europe are competent vectors for the virus (12,73).…”

Section: Rift Valley Fevermentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Threats to Animals in the United Kingdom by Arthropod-Borne Diseases

et al. 2020

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Worldwide, arthropod-borne disease transmission represents one of the greatest threats to public and animal health. For the British Isles, an island group on the northwestern coast of continental Europe consisting of the United Kingdom (UK) and the Republic of Ireland, physical separation offers a barrier to the introduction of many of the pathogens that affect animals on the rest of the continent. Added to this are strict biosecurity rules at ports of entry and the depauperate vector biodiversity found on the islands. Nevertheless, there are some indigenous arthropod-borne pathogens that cause sporadic outbreaks, such as the tick-borne louping ill virus, found almost exclusively in the British Isles, and a range of piroplasmid infections that are poorly characterized. These provide an ongoing source of infection whose emergence can be unpredictable. In addition, the risk remains for future introductions of both exotic vectors and the pathogens they harbor, and can transmit. Current factors that are driving the increases of both disease transmission and the risk of emergence include marked changes to the climate in the British Isles that have increased summer and winter temperatures, and extended the period over which arthropods are active. There have also been dramatic increases in the distribution of mosquito-borne diseases, such as West Nile and Usutu viruses in mainland Europe that are making the introduction of these pathogens through bird migration increasingly feasible. In addition, the establishment of midge-borne bluetongue virus in the near continent has increased the risk of wind-borne introduction of infected midges and the inadvertent importation of infected cattle. Arguably the greatest risk is associated with the continual increase in the movement of people, pets and trade into the UK. This, in particular, is driving the introduction of invasive arthropod species that either bring disease-causing pathogens, or are known competent vectors, that increase the risk of disease transmission if introduced. The following review documents the current pathogen threats to animals transmitted by mosquitoes, ticks and midges. This includes both indigenous and exotic pathogens to the UK. In the case of exotic pathogens, the pathway and risk of introduction are also discussed.

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The first serological evidence for Rift Valley fever infection in the camel, goitered gazelle and Anatolian water buffaloes in Turkey

Cited by 32 publications

References 29 publications

Serological evidence of Rift Valley fever infection and risk factors among one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Northern Nigeria

Serological evidence of Rift Valley fever infection and risk factors among one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Northern Nigeria

Rift Valley Fever – epidemiological update and risk of introduction into Europe

Emerging Threats to Animals in the United Kingdom by Arthropod-Borne Diseases

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