The First Trial of a Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum Mycoinsecticide for the Control of the Red Locust in a Recognised Outbreak Area

Price, R.E.; Müller, E. J.; Brown, H. D.; D'Uamba, P.; Aguirreolea, Jone

doi:10.1017/s1742758400018956

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Comparison of model predictions with concurrent field trial data from a specific site in the Kafue Flats suggests the model provides an accurate assessment of mortality rate ( Table 2). Although the GIS output is not shown, additional comparison with data from an earlier trial in the Buzi flood plain in Mozambique ( Price et al , 1999 ) also indicates good alignment between model and field data with an LT 90 of 9.5 and 9.0 days, respectively ( Table 2 ).…”

Section: Spatial Variation In Pathogen Performancementioning

confidence: 82%

Use of a geographic information system to explore spatial variation in pathogen virulence and the implications for biological control of locusts and grasshoppers

Klass

Blanford

Thomas

2007

Agri and Forest Entomology

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1 In a previous study, we developed a model to predict the effects of temperature on performance of a fungus-based biopesticide for controlling locusts and grasshoppers. Currently, the model is limited to predicting rate of mortality after a spray application at site-specific locations. The aim of the present study is to enhance the utility of this model by linking it with meteorological station data in a geographic information system (GIS) framework to investigate the spatial variation in the performance of the biopesticide. 2 The model provides maps that define spatial variation in pathogen virulence (measured as LT 90 for a treated population) across different regions. The model was used to explore the variation in biopesticide performance against four economically important pest species: Moroccan locust Dociostaurus maroccanus in Spain; brown locust Locustana pardalina in South Africa; red locust Nomadacris septemfasciata in Zambia and; Senegalese grasshopper Oedaleus senegalensis in Niger. 3 Model outputs for the different species were partially validated against data from field trials. The models provided good estimates of time to 90% mortality for five out of six independent comparisons. There was also good agreement between the spatial model and equivalent output from the site-specific model. 4 Simulations of virulence against N. septemfasciata in Zambia indicated very uniform, rapid mortality with LT 90 throughout the country generally less than 11 days. Pathogen-induced mortality of O. senegalensis in Niger was predicted to be slightly slower and more variable with mortality fastest in the southern regions (< 15 days) and slowing to the north of the country (16 -20 days). For both L. pardalina in South Africa and D. maroccanus in Spain, the model revealed highly variable patterns of mortality with LT 90 ranging from < 15 days in some areas to > 30 days in others. 5 The implications of these different patterns of variability for the development of optimum use strategies for the various species and the basic understanding of the ecology and evolution of insect -pathogen interactions are discussed.

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Section: Spatial Variation In Pathogen Performancementioning

confidence: 82%

Use of a geographic information system to explore spatial variation in pathogen virulence and the implications for biological control of locusts and grasshoppers

Klass

Blanford

Thomas

2007

Agri and Forest Entomology

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“…This is important because the basic data used to parameterize the effects of temperature on mortality rate are derived from laboratory-based studies on the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria ( Arthurs and Thomas, 2001a ). This assumption is valid as extensive studies on, for example, host thermal behaviour ( Chapman, 1965;Stower and Griffiths, 1966;Uvarov, 1977;Kemp, 1986;Inglis et al , 1996;Johnson, 1996a, b, 1998; , host immune response ( Gunnarsson, 1988;Gillespie et al , 2000;Ouedraogo et al , 2002Ouedraogo et al , , 2003Ouedraogo et al , , 2004, behavioural fever ( Boorstein and Ewald, 1987;Blanford et al , 1998;Elliot et al , 2002;Bundey et al , 2003 ) and rate of mortality ( Inglis et al , 1997( Inglis et al , , 1999Blanford and Thomas, 1999a, b;Price et al , 1999 ) show considerable similarities between many locust and grasshopper species, including those studied here.…”

Section: Model Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a model for evaluating the effects of environmental temperature and thermal behaviour on biological control of locusts and grasshoppers using pathogens

Klass

Blanford

Thomas

2007

Agri and Forest Entomology

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1 Recent years have seen an upsurge in locust and grasshopper populations in many parts of the world. Environmentally sustainable approaches to locust and grasshopper control may be possible through the use of biopesticides based on entomopathogenic fungi. Unfortunately, the performance of these biopesticides is highly variable with environmental temperature and host thermoregulatory behaviour critically determining the pattern and extent of mortality after applications. Here, we present a temperature-dependent model that enables us to predict the field performance of Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum , the key fungal pathogen used in locust biopesticides. 2 The model was constructed using mortality rate data generated across a range of temperatures in the laboratory and is driven by environmental temperature data linked through host body temperature models. 3 Model predictions were validated against empirical field data obtained for five species, Locustana pardalina , Oedaleus senegalensis , Zonocerus variegatus , Nomadacris septemfasciata and Chortoicetes terminifera. Mortality predictions were accurate to a 2-day error in every 10 days. This level of resolution is satisfactory to guide operational use of the biopesticide. 4 The model was subsequently used for a prospective evaluation of the performance of M. anisopliae var. acridum against two additional pest species, Dociostaurus maroccanus and Calliptamus italicus in Spain. Results suggest that this pathogen would work reasonably well against these species as long as early instars are targeted. 5 The model could provide a useful tool to assist in interpreting effectiveness of control operations, develop improved application strategies to optimize the performance of the biopesticide and identify appropriate target species and environments. Model assumptionsAs indicated above, because a massive inundation of spores after a spray application is considered, certain ecological factors such as disease transmission and age structure of the host population, which might otherwise be important in studyingPredicting success of locust and grasshopper biocontrol 191

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“…These trials showed that the prototype mycoinsecticide caused more than 90% mortality in cages within a week (Price et al, 1999). These trials showed that the prototype mycoinsecticide caused more than 90% mortality in cages within a week (Price et al, 1999).…”

Section: Metarhizium Anisopliae Varmentioning

confidence: 88%

Prospects for Biological Control of the Red Locust, Nomadacris septemfasciata (Serville) (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

Kooyman¹

1999

Int. J. Trop. Insect Sci.

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Prospects for the biological control of locusts and grasshoppers have become much brighter during the last ten years thanks to a number of international research projects. This paper examines a number of options, including one that is ready for immediate implementation: the mycoinsecticide, Green Muscle®, based on the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae (flavoviride) var. acridum. It has been registered in South Africa and other African countries are likely to follow during 1999. Trial results on grasshoppers and several locust species have been very encouraging, and preliminary tests on red locusts show potential as well. Recent research on pheromones also points to some interesting possibilities, both when used alone and in combination with a mycoinsecticide. Finally, microsporidian protozoans and rhabditid nematodes show some promise for long-term suppression of red locust populations, but more research and development is needed to demonstrate their potential.Resume-Les perspectives de lutte biologique contre les criquets et les sauterelles sont devenues plus evidentes au cours des dix annees passees grace a l'existence d'une serie de projets internationaux de recherche. Cet article examine un certain nombre d'options de lutte dont Tune s'apprete deja a rutilisation. II s'agit de l'emploi du Green Muscle®, un myco-insecticide a base du champignon Metarhizium anisopliae (flavoviridae) var. acridum. Le produit a ete enregistre en Afrique du Sud et d'autres pays africains vont probablement suivre en 1999. Les essais du produit sur les especes de criquets et plusieurs sauterelles ont donne des resultats tres encourageants. De meme, les essais preliminaires sur le criquet rouge ont ete prometteurs. Des recherches recentes sur les pheromones font etat des possibilites d'utilisation de ceux-ci soit isolement ou en combinaison avec un mycoinsecticide. Enfin, les protozoaires microsporidies et les nematodes rhabditides ont montre quelques potentialites dans la suppression a long terme, des populations du criquet rouge. Cependant une recherche et developpement plus pousses restent necessaires pour mettre ces potentialites en evidence.Mots Cle's: Nomadacris septemfasciata, criquet rouge, lutte biologique, ennemis naturels, mycoinsecticide, Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum, champignon entomopathogene c

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The First Trial of a Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum Mycoinsecticide for the Control of the Red Locust in a Recognised Outbreak Area

Cited by 7 publications

References 7 publications

Use of a geographic information system to explore spatial variation in pathogen virulence and the implications for biological control of locusts and grasshoppers

Use of a geographic information system to explore spatial variation in pathogen virulence and the implications for biological control of locusts and grasshoppers

Development of a model for evaluating the effects of environmental temperature and thermal behaviour on biological control of locusts and grasshoppers using pathogens

Prospects for Biological Control of the Red Locust, Nomadacris septemfasciata (Serville) (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

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