The fiscal and human costs of immigrant detention and deportation in the United States

Patler, Caitlin; Golash‐Boza, Tanya

doi:10.1111/soc4.12536

Cited by 28 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This study complements current scholarship that focuses on the impacts of detention on detainees (Kelly 2019, Jorgensen 2017, Patler and Golash‐Boza 2017, Penn State Law Center for Immigrants Rights Clinic 2017), and on the consequences of deportation for families (Golash‐Boza 2019). I build on this research by arguing that damage to families emerges when the looming, ever‐present threat of deportation becomes more intense and tangible at the moment a loved one is detained.…”

mentioning

confidence: 61%

Collective Liminality: The Spillover Effects of Indeterminate Detention on Immigrant Families

Martinez‐Aranda¹

2020

Law Soc Rev

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This article introduces the concept of collective liminality, a shared condition of heightened threat and uncertainty experienced by immigrant detainees and their families, as they wait, caught between two possible outcomes: their loved one's (temporary or permanent) release into the US or deportation. Drawing on 2 years of ethnographic data collection between 2015 and 2017 that included accompanying families to visitation at three Southern California detention facilities, and in‐depth interviews with former detainees and their relatives, I demonstrate the broader “collateral consequences” that immigration detention inflicts on detainees' loved ones. I find that not only does the detained individual experience liminality, but the detention of a loved one places the family in a state of shared liminality, which is experienced at two levels: material and emotional. These hardships materialize even before the detainees' deportation and can persist even after their release back into the US. This research extends scholarship on the impacts of detention on detainees, and on the consequences of deportation for families. The concept of collective liminality highlights how immigration detention functions as a critical tool of immigrant surveillance, punishment, and exclusion.

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confidence: 61%

Collective Liminality: The Spillover Effects of Indeterminate Detention on Immigrant Families

Martinez‐Aranda¹

2020

Law Soc Rev

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“…This disproportionality reflects longstanding, bipartisan efforts to construct Latin American immigration as a societal threat (10). Deportation subjects noncitizens to unsafe detention facilities (11), upends their livelihoods (12), and negatively impacts their behavioral, mental, and physical health outcomes (13,14). These economic and health consequences manifest even absent a noncitizen's direct experience with deportation (15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latinos’ deportation fears by citizenship and legal status, 2007 to 2018

Asad

2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Deportation has become more commonplace in the United States since the mid-2000s. Latin American noncitizens—encompassing undocumented and documented immigrants—are targeted for deportation. Deportation’s threat also reaches naturalized and US-born citizens of Latino descent who are largely immune to deportation but whose loved ones or communities are deportable. Drawing on 6 y of data from the National Survey of Latinos, this article examines whether and how Latinos’ deportation fears vary by citizenship and legal status and over time. Compared with Latino noncitizens, Latino US citizens report lower average deportation fears. However, a more complex story emerges when examining this divide over time: Deportation fears are high but stable among Latino noncitizens, whereas deportation fears have increased substantially among Latino US citizens. These trends reflect a growing national awareness of—rather than observable changes to—deportation policy and practice since the 2016 US presidential election. The article highlights how deportation or its consequences affects a racial group that the US immigration regime targets disproportionately.

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“…In our study, 35 percent of households ( n = 44) reported that an immigration arrest resulted in an inability or unwillingness to continue routine household activities, like driving a motor vehicle, engaging in leisure activity, or going out in public. When we consider also the pronounced psychological trauma and emotional distress that frequently accompany forced separation from a parent or loved one (Hagan, Leal, and Rodriguez 2015; Capps et al 2016; Novak, Geronimus, and Martinez-Cardoso 2017; Kerwin, Alulema, and Nicholson 2018), we can better appreciate how the health and developmental repercussions of an immigration arrest are likely to carry lifelong consequences for children (see also Brabeck and Xu 2010; Chaudry et al 2010; Dreby 2012; Yoshikawa 2012; Zayas et al 2015; Patler and Golash-Boza 2017; Lopez 2019).…”

Section: Research Findings: the Implications Of Financial Losses For mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Household Financial Losses Triggered by an Immigration Arrest, and How State and Local Government Can Most Effectively Protect Their Constituents

Boyce

Launius

2020

Journal on Migration and Human Security

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Through a survey of 125 long-term resident households in Pima County, Arizona, this study finds that an immigration arrest costs each household an average of more than $24,000. These costs accumulate through the value of assets seized and not recovered, out-of-pocket costs for hiring an attorney, immigration bond, and other expenses involved in supporting an immediate family member as they navigate the immigration court system. But they also include lost income due to disruptions to employment resulting from the arrest, and a physical inability to work while in detention, appearing in court, and immediately following deportation. In this article, we discuss how, when measured at the scale of the household, these financial costs fail to discriminate according to immigration or citizenship status, and accumulate to affect issues of poverty, education, housing security, health and development, and generational wealth inequality — all matters of sustained interest to state and local government. In the second half of the article, we draw on our research findings to evaluate various policies that states, counties, and municipalities can implement to mitigate these financial burdens while promoting the overall well-being of their constituents. Policies considered include: The “Immigrant Welcoming City” paradigm The limitation of routine cooperation and custody transfer between local and federal law enforcement Expanding access to permissible forms of identification Universal representation for immigration defendants The cultivation of community bond funds The promotion of worker-owned cooperatives Although these kinds of state or local initiatives cannot replace meaningful federal action on immigration reform, they can do much to provide relief and promote economic security for established immigrant and mixed-status families living in the United States, while contributing to overall community well-being and economic vitality.

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The fiscal and human costs of immigrant detention and deportation in the United States

Cited by 28 publications

References 25 publications

Collective Liminality: The Spillover Effects of Indeterminate Detention on Immigrant Families

Collective Liminality: The Spillover Effects of Indeterminate Detention on Immigrant Families

Latinos’ deportation fears by citizenship and legal status, 2007 to 2018

The Household Financial Losses Triggered by an Immigration Arrest, and How State and Local Government Can Most Effectively Protect Their Constituents

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