The Fischer-Tropsch Reaction

Masters, Christopher

doi:10.1016/s0065-3055(08)60321-4

Cited by 245 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…159 It was modernized years later by Pichler and Schulz, 160 and further modified by Henrici-Olive´and Olive´, 161 and Masters. 162 The reaction mechanism closely resembles well-known patterns from coordination and organometallic chemistry. A CO molecule is inserted into the metal-H bond in the first (initiation) step.…”

Section: Active Phasessupporting

confidence: 54%

The renaissance of iron-based Fischer–Tropsch synthesis: on the multifaceted catalyst deactivation behaviour

2008

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Iron-based Fischer-Tropsch catalysts, which are applied in the conversion of CO and H2 into longer hydrocarbon chains, are historically amongst the most intensively studied systems in heterogeneous catalysis. Despite this, fundamental understanding of the complex and dynamic chemistry of the iron-carbon-oxygen system and its implications for the rapid deactivation of the iron-based catalysts is still a developing field. Fischer-Tropsch catalysis is characterized by its multidisciplinary nature and therefore deals with a wide variety of fundamental chemical and physical problems. This critical review will summarize the current state of knowledge of the underlying mechanisms for the activation and eventual deactivation of iron-based Fischer-Tropsch catalysts and suggest systematic approaches for relating chemical identity to performance in next generation iron-based catalyst systems (210 references).

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Section: Active Phasessupporting

confidence: 54%

The renaissance of iron-based Fischer–Tropsch synthesis: on the multifaceted catalyst deactivation behaviour

2008

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“…139 However, CO insertion reactions typically do not proceed with simple hydridoboranes in the absence of additional reagents. 128 Considering the relevance of such transformations to Fischer-Tropsch catalysis, 140,141 efforts were undertaken to apply an FLP approach to this problem. Stephan and coworkers have demonstrated the use of a H2-derived borohydride as the base in a FLP system, leading to the trapping of the CO by 1,1-insertion into the B-H bond (Figure 9; C), whereupon further hydrogenation and insertion reactions involving the formylborate unit can occur.…”

Section: Carbon Monoxidementioning

confidence: 99%

Metallomimetic Chemistry of Boron

2019

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The study of main-group molecules that behave and react similarly to transition metal (TM) complexes has attracted significant interest in the recent decades. Most notably, the attractive idea of eliminating the all-too-often rare and costly metals from catalysis has motivated efforts to develop main-group-element-mediated reactions. Main-group elements, however, lack the electronic flexibility of many TM complexes that arise from combinations of empty and filled d-orbitals and that seem ideally suited to bind and activate many substrates. In this Review, we look at boron, an element which, despite its non-metal nature, low atomic weight, and relative redox staticity has achieved great milestones in terms of TM-like reactivity. We show how in inter-element cooperative systems, diboron molecules and hypovalent complexes, the fifth element can acquire a truly metallomimetic character. As we discuss, this character is particularly strikingly demonstrated by the reactivity of boron-based molecules with H2, CO, alkynes, alkenes and even with N2.

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“…Today, carbonyl chemistry is a flourishing branch of organic chemistry, e.g. in commercial acetate synthesis [136][137][138]. Carbonyl biochemistry has only begun half a century later.…”

Section: Acetate Synthesis Via the Acetyl Coa Pathway: Historical Permentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1965 BASF, and in 1968 the Monsanto company, described the carbonylation of methanol using iodide-promoted cobalt and rhodium catalysts, respectively. The catalytic mechanisms in this reaction and in other Fischer-Tropsch syntheses are among the most studied ones in chemistry [136,137]. An example is given in Fig.…”

Section: Comparison Of Chemical and Biochemical Acetate Synthesis mentioning

confidence: 99%

CO₂fixation in acetogenic bacteria: Variations on a theme

Fuchs

1986

FEMS Microbiology Letters

273

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An increasing number of strict anaerobic bacteria are being found which use an alternative pathway to the ubiquitous Calvin cycle for CO2 fixation into cell compounds and the ubiquitous Krebs cycle for acetyl CoA oxidation to CO2. The principles of this non‐cyclic pathway, the acetyl CoA pathway, have long been studied in acetogenic bacteria. These bacteria can catalyze the exergonic reduction of 2 CO2 with 8 reducing equivalents to acetate. In this pathway, CO2 reduction is part of a catabolic redox process which functions to accept reducing equivalents from a variety of dehydrogenated substrates. This process yields net ATP generated by electron transport phosphorylation. Acetyl CoA is an intermediate, formed from one CO2 via a tetrahydropteridine‐bound 1‐carbon unit (methyl group of acetate), and from another CO2 via a bound carbon monoxide (carboxyl group of acetate). The most characteristic and complex enzyme involved in acetyl CoA synthesis is carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (‘acetyl CoA synthase’). The enzymes of this acetyl CoA pathway not only participate in (1) acetate synthesis in energy metabolism of acetogenic bacteria, but also mediate (2) acetyl CoA oxidation in sulfate‐reducing bacteria and possibly other anaerobes; (3) acetate disproportionation to CO2 and CH4 in the energy metabolism of many methanogenic bacteria; (4) autotrophic CO2 fixation in autotrophic acetogenic, methanogenic, and most autotrophic sulfate‐reducing bacteria; (5) assimilation and/or dissimilation of 1‐carbon compounds in many anaerobes; (6) CO oxidation to CO2 in anaerobes. A specialized group of anaerobes performs acetate synthesis from CO2 or from C1 units via a different pathway, the glycine synthase/glycine reductase pathway. Glycine is an intermediate which is formed from 2 C1 compounds, and is then reduced to acetate. The principal features of the two pathways and some open questions are discussed in this review. Emphasis is placed upon the acetyl CoA pathway in acetogenic bacteria, but important advances in the study of other strict anaerobes are also considered.

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The Fischer-Tropsch Reaction

Cited by 245 publications

References 61 publications

The renaissance of iron-based Fischer–Tropsch synthesis: on the multifaceted catalyst deactivation behaviour

The renaissance of iron-based Fischer–Tropsch synthesis: on the multifaceted catalyst deactivation behaviour

Metallomimetic Chemistry of Boron

CO₂fixation in acetogenic bacteria: Variations on a theme

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The Fischer-Tropsch Reaction

Cited by 245 publications

References 61 publications

The renaissance of iron-based Fischer–Tropsch synthesis: on the multifaceted catalyst deactivation behaviour

The renaissance of iron-based Fischer–Tropsch synthesis: on the multifaceted catalyst deactivation behaviour

Metallomimetic Chemistry of Boron

CO2fixation in acetogenic bacteria: Variations on a theme

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Product

Resources

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CO₂fixation in acetogenic bacteria: Variations on a theme