The Five Cs of Positive Youth Development: Configurations of Thriving in Four U.S. Adolescent Samples

Johnson, Sara K.; Ettekal, Andrea Vest

doi:10.1111/jora.12806

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Understanding specificity in youth development as opposed to universal patterns could be a future line of research. For example, scholars have recently identified profiles of the 5Cs and tested some associations with other variables (Johnson & Ettekal, 2022). Another limitation is the lack of control for prior sexual behaviors and the lack of questions on who had sent or received the photo.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What are the predictors of sexting behavior among adolescents? The positive youth development approach

Pistoni

Damia

Alfieri

et al. 2023

Journal of Adolescence

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Introduction: Research supporting adolescent sexual health and empowerment is needed. The study investigates sexting among adolescents using the resources that characterized the Positive Youth Development Approach (PYD) and considering the impact of parental monitoring. The study aims to describe sexting among three different groups of adolescents (i.e., Non Sexters [NS], Passive Sexters [PS], and Active Sexters [AS]) considering age and sex (first aim). It also seeks to identify predictors among the PYD's resources and parental monitoring that explain the probability of falling into the sexter or the non sexter groups (second aim) as well as the probability of falling into the active or the passive sexter groups (third aim). Method: The national representative sample was composed of 1866 Italian adolescents: 980 girls and 886 boys aged between 13 and 19 years old (M = 16.26; SD = 1.49). Participants completed a questionnaire that measured sexting behavior, PYD resources, and parental monitoring scales. Chi-squared and multivariate logistic regressions were performed. Results: Almost half of the participants (46.0%) were NS, 36.2% were PS, and 17.8% were AS. Results show that sex, age, Connection, and Child Disclosure are significant predictors of sexting behavior. Conclusions: Results highlighted that sexting can be seen as a relational activity that adolescents use to establish connections as part as their sexual exploration. A parenting approach that promotes disclosure may help adolescents explore safely their sexuality and be accountable. Results also indicate that parents need to build educational alliances with schools to promote sexual health and empowerment among teenagers while preventing risk of harm. K E Y W O R D S adolescents, parental monitoring, positive youth development, sexting behaviorsIn the age of the Internet and mobile devices, adolescents' daily lives are increasingly characterized by social media, constant connectivity and virtual communication. In such an environment, intimate communication can take place not only face-toface but via different electronic channels such as phone calls, emails, texts, photos, and videos. Sexting has been defined as "sending texts or photos, receiving texts or photos, or sending as well as receiving texts or photos of a sexual nature" (Klettke et al., 2014, p. 45). Adolescent sexting has become a subject of debate in both the academic and the public fields, raising many questions on how to decrease legal and negative psychological outcomes as well as how to promote adolescents' sexual health and empowerment. Sexting can be conceptualized as the contemporary way of manifesting adolescents' sexuality in the digital age (Döring, 2014;Yépez-Tito et al., 2019) and as intimate communication mediated by technology (Hasinoff, 2013). This perspective can be grounded in the framework of the Positive Youth Development (PYD, Lerner et al., 2005

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What are the predictors of sexting behavior among adolescents? The positive youth development approach

Pistoni

Damia

Alfieri

et al. 2023

Journal of Adolescence

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“…This confirms a finding that friendship satisfaction at the start of the first lockdown was a negative predictor of anxiety one month later (Stevic et al, 2022 ). Participants in the High PYD profile with higher scores on all Five Cs experience adaptive developmental regulations (Lerner et al, 2005 ) and may have higher contribution than youth in other profiles (Johnson & Ettekal, 2023 ). However, during the COVID-19 pandemic, their higher caring has led to increased worrying about their significant others and generated COVID-19 anxiety (Panchal et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The profile with higher caring and character scores reported more somatic complaints and higher general and social well-being. Furthermore, profiles of the Five Cs in four different data sets and their relation to contribution were also examined (Johnson & Ettekal, 2023 ). While each latent profile analysis revealed a different number of profiles, some similarities were visible among them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anxiety and COVID-19 Anxiety in Positive Youth Development: A Latent Profile Analysis Study

Pivec

Kozina

2023

J. Youth Adolescence

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The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated anxiety and triggered a new and specific COVID-19 anxiety in all age groups, especially in adolescence. The aim of the present study was to identify differences between anxiety and COVID-19 anxiety in profiles of positive outcomes by using the Positive Youth Development (PYD) framework (i.e., the Five Cs of competence, confidence, character, caring, and connection) on a sample of 1,977 adolescents from Slovenia (57.4% females; Mage = 15.34 years) from lower- and upper-secondary schools. Latent profile analysis revealed four distinctive profiles: High PYD, Self-efficacious, Socio-emotional, and Low PYD. The High PYD profile reported lower anxiety and moderate COVID-19 anxiety; the Self-efficacious profile reported lower anxiety and the lowest COVID-19 anxiety; the Socio-emotional profile reported moderate anxiety and the highest COVID-19 anxiety; and the Low PYD profile reported higher anxiety and moderate COVID-19 anxiety. The study findings suggest that higher levels of competence, confidence, and connection can mitigate anxiety, while higher levels of caring are associated with COVID-19 anxiety. Nonetheless, the study supports the promotion of all Five Cs of the PYD framework to prevent anxiety, COVID-19 anxiety, and maladaptive developmental outcomes. The study provides important insights into profiling responses to extreme situations, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, as PYD research evolves with greater attention to individual variability and specificity in PYD constructs in diverse samples (S. K. Johnson & Ettekal, 2022;Lerner & Bornstein, 2021), efforts to extend the Five Cs model itself, beyond replication in novel populations, may gain traction. While the present study was designed to test the extent to which positive aspects of our sample's cultural orientation promoted global PYD, future work could probe whether sample-specific developmental assets can directly operationalize PYD concepts.…”

Section: Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnic pride and cultural values promote positive youth development in a conceptual replication of the Five Cs model.

Johnson¹,

Robins²,

Guyer³

et al. 2023

Developmental Psychology

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The current study examined the Five Cs model of positive youth development (PYD; Lerner et al., 2005) in U.S. Mexican-origin youth (N = 674, 50% female) and tested the extent to which ethnic pride, familismo, and respeto, as an index of cultural orientation, predicted PYD across midadolescence. PYD was modeled using a bifactor structure, which defined global PYD and the Five Cs (Caring, Character, Competence, Confidence, and Connection) using theoretically similar measures matched to the conceptual definitions of the Cs. Tests of longitudinal invariance of the bifactor model at ages 14 and 16 established scalar invariance, providing support for the structure and stability of the Five Cs and global PYD using the theoretically similar measures across time. Adolescents’ cultural orientation (latent factor incorporating familismo, respeto, and ethnic pride) at age 14 was positively associated with the Five Cs within and across time. Greater cultural orientation at age 14 predicted increased global PYD across ages 14 and 16. The contribution of cultural orientation to the PYD across midadolescence did not differ by adolescent gender or nativity. These findings demonstrate the robust nature and stability of the Five Cs model of PYD and provide novel evidence that ethnic pride, familismo, and respeto promote greater PYD in Mexican-origin youth during midadolescence.

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The Five Cs of Positive Youth Development: Configurations of Thriving in Four U.S. Adolescent Samples

Cited by 7 publications

References 74 publications

What are the predictors of sexting behavior among adolescents? The positive youth development approach

What are the predictors of sexting behavior among adolescents? The positive youth development approach

Anxiety and COVID-19 Anxiety in Positive Youth Development: A Latent Profile Analysis Study

Ethnic pride and cultural values promote positive youth development in a conceptual replication of the Five Cs model.

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