The five-times-sit-to-stand test: validity, reliability and detectable change in older females

Goldberg, Allon; Chavis, Martina; Watkins, Johnny; Wilson, Tyler W.

doi:10.1007/bf03325265

Cited by 253 publications

(205 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Intra-rater reliability ICC as well as inter-rater reliability ICC of the TUG are excellent [30]. The test is deemed to be a valid measure of dynamic balance and functional control in older adults [31]. This test will be repeated two times if possible.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adherence to and effectiveness of an individually tailored home-based exercise program for frail older adults, driven by mobility monitoring: design of a prospective cohort study

et al. 2014

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BackgroundWith the number of older adults in society rising, frailty becomes an increasingly prevalent health condition. Regular physical activity can prevent functional decline and reduce frailty symptoms. In particular, home-based exercise programs can be beneficial in reducing frailty of older adults and fall risk, and in improving associated physiological parameters. However, adherence to home-based exercise programs is generally low among older adults. Current developments in technology can assist in enlarging adherence to home-based exercise programs. This paper presents the rationale and design of a study evaluating the adherence to and effectiveness of an individually tailored, home-based physical activity program for frail older adults driven by mobility monitoring through a necklace-worn physical activity sensor and remote feedback using a tablet PC.Methods/designFifty transitionally frail community-dwelling older adults will join a 6-month home-based physical activity program in which exercises are provided in the form of exercise videos on a tablet PC and daily activity is monitored by means of a necklace-worn motion sensor. Participants exercise 5 times a week. Exercises are built up in levels and are individually tailored in consultation with a coach through weekly telephone contact.DiscussionThe physical activity program driven by mobility monitoring through a necklace-worn sensor and remote feedback using a tablet PC is an innovative method for physical activity stimulation in frail older adults. We hypothesize that, if participants are sufficiently adherent, the program will result in higher daily physical activity and higher strength and balance assessed by physical tests compared to baseline. If adherence to and effectiveness of the program is considered sufficient, the next step would be to evaluate the effectiveness with a randomised controlled trial. The knowledge gained in this study can be used to develop and fine-tune the application of innovative technology in home-based exercise programs.Trial registrationNederlands Trial Register (NTR); trial number 4265. The study was prospectively registered (registration date 14/11/2013).

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adherence to and effectiveness of an individually tailored home-based exercise program for frail older adults, driven by mobility monitoring: design of a prospective cohort study

et al. 2014

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“…The five times sit-to-stand test is a test of dynamic balance [4] and measures the time it takes to stand from and sit in a chair five times [56]. This test has high test-retest reliability (0.81) [4] and has shown to be correlated with other tests of dynamic balance (r = 0.64) [11]. Each participant was seated in a standard chair (height 46 cm) and instructed to transfer to a standing position and return to a sitting position as quickly as possible five times.…”

Section: Functional Performance Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle Strength and Functional Recovery During the First Year After THA

Judd¹,

Dennis

Thomas³

et al. 2013

Clin Orthop Relat Res

146

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Background Patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) often are satisfied with the decrease in pain and improvement in function they achieve after surgery. Even so, strength and functional performance deficits persist after recovery, but these remain poorly characterized; knowledge about any ongoing strength or functional deficits may allow therapists to design rehabilitation programs to optimize recovery after THA. Questions/purposes The purposes of this study were to (1) evaluate postoperative muscle strength, function, and quality of life during the first year after THA; and (2) compare strength and function in patients 1 year after THA with a cohort of healthy peers. Methods Twenty-six patients undergoing THA were assessed 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively, and 19 adults with no hip pathology were tested as a control group. Isometric muscle strength (hip flexors, extensors, abductors, knee extensors, and flexors), functional performance (stair climbing, five times sit-to-stand, timed-up-and-go, 6-minute walk, and single-limb stance tests), and selfreported function (Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Score, SF-36, and UCLA activity score) were compared. Results One month after THA, patients had 15% less hip flexor and extensor torque, 26% less abductor torque, 14% less knee extensor and flexor torque, and worse performance on the stair climbing, timed-up-and-go, single-limb stance, and 6-minute walk. Compared with healthy adults, patients 12 months after THA had 17% less knee extensor and 23% less knee flexor torque; however, the functional testing (including stair climbing, five times sit-to-stand, and the 6-minute walk) showed no significant differences with the patient numbers available between individuals undergoing THA and healthy control subjects. SF-36 Physical Component Scores, although significantly improved from preoperative levels, were significantly worse than healthy adults 1 year after THA (p \ 0.01).

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“…Test-retest reliability of FTSST in adults 22 and in subjects with neurological disorders 11 as well as intra- 14 and inter-rater 3,16,23 reliabilities have shown good to high intra class correlation values (ICC). Concurrent validity of FTSST when compared to muscular strength, 14,15 walking speed, 17 walking endurance 20 and different balance tests 3,15,24,25 has, irrespective of patient group, been demonstrated to be moderate. A clinically significant change of FTSST performance, excluding measurement error, has been estimated to be 2.5 seconds in older females 24 and to be i2.3 seconds in persons with or without balance disorders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Concurrent validity of FTSST when compared to muscular strength, 14,15 walking speed, 17 walking endurance 20 and different balance tests 3,15,24,25 has, irrespective of patient group, been demonstrated to be moderate. A clinically significant change of FTSST performance, excluding measurement error, has been estimated to be 2.5 seconds in older females 24 and to be i2.3 seconds in persons with or without balance disorders. 17 Cut-off points for the test's ability to discriminate between subjects with or without balance impairments have been shown to be 10 seconds in young adults and 14.2 seconds in the elderly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Movement analysis of sit-to-stand – research informing clinical practice

Frykberg

Häger

2015

Physical Therapy Reviews

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Background: Sit-to-stand (STS) is a crucial transfer influencing a person's independence in daily activities, as well as safety and quality of life, and is thus vital to evaluate in research and in practice. Clinical STS tests provide single values in seconds or numbers of STS. There is, however, increasing numbers of research papers reporting spatial and temporal kinematic and kinetic process STS data. Objectives: To provide an overview of research findings from laboratory-based movement analyses regarding phases and determinants of typical STS, characteristics of successful versus failed STS transfers, and finally STS performance in some neurological conditions. Major Findings: The STS transfer, previously regarded as mainly requiring lower limb muscle strength, is increasingly recognized as a complex transfer skill. Muscle strength, balance, foot position, chair height and the movement strategy are major determinants influencing STS performance. Scaling and timing of momentum generation throughout STS seems critical for success or failure. Sit-to-stand in stroke and Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by asymmetry in force generation and difficulties in switching movement direction, respectively. In-depth, knowledge regarding mechanisms of momentum control during STS sub-phases, STS failures, as well as exploration of variability in normal and atypical STS is still lacking. Conclusions: Recent research based on instrumented movement analyses has generated better understanding of movement control during STS, but the specifics are not yet reflected in clinical assessments. There seems to be a call for clinical tools capturing determinants and process characteristics of the STS transfer for a more comprehensive evaluation in rehabilitation.

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The five-times-sit-to-stand test: validity, reliability and detectable change in older females

Cited by 253 publications

References 24 publications

Adherence to and effectiveness of an individually tailored home-based exercise program for frail older adults, driven by mobility monitoring: design of a prospective cohort study

Adherence to and effectiveness of an individually tailored home-based exercise program for frail older adults, driven by mobility monitoring: design of a prospective cohort study

Muscle Strength and Functional Recovery During the First Year After THA

Movement analysis of sit-to-stand – research informing clinical practice

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