The Five Wars of Globalization

Complete Edition: Third World / Global South

“…dependent on the resources controlled by each other, thus pooling resources can lead to mutual gains (Naim 2003). In this sense, the effectiveness of coordination through networks have become salient with the economic, social and technological changes induced by innovation, higher levels of education, and the culture of cooperation and trust in sectorial industries (Alter and Hage 1993).…”

The Global War on Terror: Mistaking Ideology as the Center of Gravity

“…Governments will continue to lose these wars until they adopt new strategies to deal with a larger, unprecedented struggle that now shapes the world as much as confrontations between nation-states once did." 22 He argues that they all exhibit fundamental changes that are persistent, transnational, incredibly flexible and immune to traditional government solutions. The global networks have four characteristics: they are not bound by geography; they defy traditional notions of sovereignty; they pit governments against market forces; and they pit bureaucracies against networks.…”

Defining and Theorizing Terrorism: A Global Actor-Centered Approach

“…For their part, the new supranational military organizations turn against "rogue" or otherwise non-compliant nation states, especially those who dare to organize in ways that threaten the established principles of legitimacy (e.g., theocracies, or regimes founded on ethno-nationalist exclusion), increasing the chances of supranational coalitions of major powers engaging in violent interaction against nation states with weaker militaries. In this respect, the globalization of resources, techniques and organizational forms makes the struggle between state and non-state organizations much less symmetrical (Naim 2003) increasing both the potential geographical regions that may serve as a haven for non-state organizations, and the chances that an actual state apparatus might fall at the hands of one of these organizations. As Cronin (Cronin 2003:30) points out "The current wave of international terrorism, characterized by unpredictable and unprecedented threats from nonstate actors, not only is a reaction to globalization but is facilitated by it."…”