“…In addition to the advantages and the challenges in the implementation of the flipped classroom, previous research on the flipped classroom yields various findings in terms of facts and information about flipped classroom (Basal, 2015;Evseeva, & Solozhenko, 2015), students' emotions and feelings of the flipped courses (Butt, 2014;Wong & Chu, 2014), the integration of new elements into the flipped classroom (Engin, 2014, Galway, et al, 2014, and constructing design guidelines for the flipped classroom (Fraga & Harmon, 2014). However, the flipped classroom's implementation in shaping the 21st-century learning skills, particularly the 4Cs, while focusing on its process as well as its obstacles, is new to the development of flipped classroom theories and practice.…”