The flow of steel into the construction sector

Moynihan, Muiris C.; Allwood, Julian M.

doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2012.08.009

Cited by 30 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Cement demand per person and year follows a pattern with increasing demand during the transition to industrial society with a peak and a decline down to a maintenance level. This is paralleled by the demand development for iron and steel (Cullen et al 2012;Giurco et al 2013;Hu et al 2010;Moynihan and Allwood 2012;Pauliuk et al 2012;Stanway 2014;OSS 2014). The cement demand per capita has peaked and declined in most of the industrial countries, China and India are in their major transitional stages now, and Africa is about to start.…”

Section: Demandmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The average lifetime is set at 100 years for sand and gravel in infrastructures and at 200 years for cut stone. We have also looked at the retention times for iron and steel in buildings, giving indications for concrete and stony materials (Cullen et al 2012;Giurco et al 2013;Hu et al 2010;Moynihan and Allwood 2012;Pauliuk et al 2012Pauliuk et al , 2013Stanway 2014). The resulting demand is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Demandmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Simple System Dynamics Model for the Global Production Rate of Sand, Gravel, Crushed Rock and Stone, Market Prices and Long-Term Supply Embedded into the WORLD6 Model

Sverdrup

Koca

Schlyter

2017

Biophys Econ Resour Qual

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Section: Demandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Demandmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Simple System Dynamics Model for the Global Production Rate of Sand, Gravel, Crushed Rock and Stone, Market Prices and Long-Term Supply Embedded into the WORLD6 Model

Sverdrup

Koca

Schlyter

2017

Biophys Econ Resour Qual

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“…Iron ore is the world's most commonly used metal and steel making is one of the world's largest industries with applications in structural engineering (buildings, bridges, and other large scale construction projects), in transport (ships, railways and automobiles) and other industry sectors such as machinery and tools (Cullen et al 2012; Moynihan and Allwood 2012;Pauliuk et al 2013b). Steel production accounts for 25 % of global industrial CO 2 emissions (Allwood and Cullen 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The footprint of using metals: new metrics of consumption and productivity

Wiedmann

Schandl

Moran

2014

Environ Econ Policy Stud

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Metal use and modern society are intrinsically linked and it is no surprise that global processes of industrialization and urbanization have led to ever increasing amounts of metal use. In recent decades, global supply and demand networks for metals have become increasingly complex. Industrial Ecology research is well placed to unpack this complexity and to explore potential resource efficiencies for metals. This is especially important during the current period of rising ore prices. We examine patterns of supply and demand for iron ore and bauxite, and recent trends in resource productivity of these two important metal ores. We introduce a consumption perspective and compare the material footprint of metal ores to the GDP of countries to look at how much economic benefit countries achieve per unit of metal footprint. We find that for the past two decades global amounts of iron ore and bauxite extractions have risen faster than global GDP, that both supply and demand of iron ore and bauxite have been concentrated in a handful of countries and that resource productivity from a consumption perspective has fallen in developed nations, as well as globally. The research shows no saturation of T. O. Wiedmann (&)

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“…A great majority of steel used in construction is imported [143]. Swedish steel imports were 3.2 Mt in 2015 [142,153] with research demonstrating that around 25-50% of steel consumption goes to the construction industry [154,155]. This would correspond to the use of 0.8-1.6 Mt steel in constructions, matching the model estimate of 1.4 Mt steel (based on the equivalent emissions intensities for reinforcement and construction steel).…”

Section: Validation Of Building and Transport Infrastructure Construcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roadmap for Decarbonization of the Building and Construction Industry—A Supply Chain Analysis Including Primary Production of Steel and Cement

et al. 2020

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Sweden has committed to reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to net-zero by 2045. Around 20% of Sweden’s annual CO2 emissions arise from manufacturing, transporting, and processing of construction materials for construction and refurbishment of buildings and infrastructure. In this study, material and energy flows for building and transport infrastructure construction is outlined, together with a roadmap detailing how the flows change depending on different technical and strategical choices. By matching short-term and long-term goals with specific technology solutions, these pathways make it possible to identify key decision points and potential synergies, competing goals, and lock-in effects. The results show that it is possible to reduce CO2 emissions associated with construction of buildings and transport infrastructure by 50% to 2030 applying already available measures, and reach close to zero emissions by 2045, while indicating that strategic choices with respect to process technologies and energy carriers may have different implications on energy use and CO2 emissions over time. The results also illustrate the importance of intensifying efforts to identify and manage both soft and hard barriers and the importance of simultaneously acting now by implementing available measures (e.g., material efficiency and material/fuel substitution measures), while actively planning for long-term measures (low-CO2 steel or cement).

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The flow of steel into the construction sector

Cited by 30 publications

References 19 publications

A Simple System Dynamics Model for the Global Production Rate of Sand, Gravel, Crushed Rock and Stone, Market Prices and Long-Term Supply Embedded into the WORLD6 Model

A Simple System Dynamics Model for the Global Production Rate of Sand, Gravel, Crushed Rock and Stone, Market Prices and Long-Term Supply Embedded into the WORLD6 Model

The footprint of using metals: new metrics of consumption and productivity

Roadmap for Decarbonization of the Building and Construction Industry—A Supply Chain Analysis Including Primary Production of Steel and Cement

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