The flow-volume loop in tetraplegics

Jv, Forner; Rl, Llombart; Mc, Valledor

doi:10.1038/sc.1977.37

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The alterations observed in the lung volumes are in keeping with the results observed by previous authors (Cameron et at., 1955;Hemingway et at., 1958;Grossiord et at., 1963;Stone & Keltz, 1963;Bergofsky, 1964;Haas et at., 1965;McKinley et at., 1969;Fugl-Meyer, 1971;Gibson et at., 1977;Kreitzer et at., 1978;Forner et at., 1978).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lung volumes and mechanics of breathing in tetraplegics

Forner

1980

Spinal Cord

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Abstract. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the paralysis of some respiratory muscles, due to a spinal cord lesion, on the lung volumes and the mechanics of breathing, specially on the maximal expiratory flows. Fifty-two tetraplegics have been studied, divided in two groups-according to the level of the lesion to investi gate if there is any difference in the behaviour of both groups.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lung volumes and mechanics of breathing in tetraplegics

Forner

1980

Spinal Cord

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“…When sitting, the abdominal contents push up on the diaphragm and place them in a less efficient position (6,18,19). The addition of an abdominal binder increases tidal volume by 16%.…”

Section: Anatomymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In individuals with C5 and C6 SCI, there can be 30% to 50% reduction in vital capacity within the first week (15,18,19). Serial measurement of the vital capacity should alert the health care providers to the patient's level of fatigue and the impending need for intubation.…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory Management During the First Five Days After Spinal Cord Injury

Berlly

Shem

2007

The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine

211

151

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Summary: Respiratory complications are the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in acute spinal cord injury (SCI), with an incidence of 36% to 83%. Eighty percent of deaths in patients hospitalized with cervical SCI are secondary to pulmonary dysfunction, with pneumonia the cause in 50% of the cases. The number of respiratory complications during the acute hospital stay contributes significantly to the length of hospital stay and cost. Four factors (use of mechanical ventilation, pneumonia, the need for surgery, and use of tracheostomy) explain nearly 60% of hospital costs and may be as important a predictor of hospital cost as level of injury. Atelectasis (36.4%), pneumonia (31.4%), and ventilatory failure (22.6%) are the most common complications during the first 5 days after injury. Ventilatory failure occurs on average 4.5 days after injury. Transfer to an SCI center specializing in acute management of tetraplegia has been shown to significantly reduce the number of respiratory complications. This review concentrates on the first 5 days after injury, focusing on complications, predictive factors, prevention, and management of those complications.

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“…In most individuals, inspiratory capacity (IC) and expiratory reserve volume (ERV) are also decreased (4,8,15,18,25). There is little information on the effects of body posture on these lung volumes in SCI individuals (10,16,24), and no studies have assessed the volumes at different injury levels in different postures. The purpose of this study was to assess lung volume subdivisions in SCI individuals with different injury levels while they were in the seated and supine postures.…”

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confidence: 99%

Lung mechanics in individuals with spinal cord injury: effects of injury level and posture

Baydur

Adkins

Milic–Emili

2001

Journal of Applied Physiology

147

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Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) exhibit reduced lung volumes and flow rates as a result of respiratory muscle weakness. These features have not, however, been investigated in relation to the combined effects of injury level and posture. Changes in forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)), FEV(1)/FVC, forced expiratory flow at 50% vital capacity (FEF(50)), inspiratory capacity (IC), and expiratory reserve volume (ERV) were assessed by injury level in the seated and supine positions in 74 individuals with SCI. The main findings were 1) FVC, FEV(1), and IC increased with descending SCI level down to T(10), below which they tended to level off; 2) supine values of FVC and FEV(1) tended to be larger in the supine compared with the seated posture down to injury level T(1), caudad to which they were less than when seated; 3) IC increased proportionately more down to injury level L(1), below which it declined slightly and plateaued; 4) ERV was measurable even at high cervical injuries, was generally smaller in the supine position, reached peak values in both positions at T(10) injury level, and then rapidly declined at lower levels; 5) when subjects were separated according to current, former, and never smokers, only formerly smoking paraplegic individuals demonstrated spirometric values significantly less than paraplegic individuals who never smoked. Changes in spirometric measurements in SCI are dependent on injury level and posture. These findings support the concept that the increase in vital capacity in supine position is related to the effect of gravity on abdominal contents and increase in IC.

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The flow-volume loop in tetraplegics

Abstract: Abstract. The flow-volume curves and maximum flow-volume loop were studied in 20 tetrap1egics and the results were compared with the predicted normal values.

Cited by 9 publications

References 13 publications

Lung volumes and mechanics of breathing in tetraplegics

Lung volumes and mechanics of breathing in tetraplegics

Respiratory Management During the First Five Days After Spinal Cord Injury

Lung mechanics in individuals with spinal cord injury: effects of injury level and posture

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