The fluctuation of warm paleoclimatic controls on lacustrine carbonate deposition in the Late Cretaceous (late Santonian), Southern Songliao Basin, Northeast China

Xu, Chuan; Shan, Xuanlong; He, Wentong

doi:10.1007/s00531-021-02100-1

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…Element ratios can be used to reconstruct the paleoclimate during sedimentation, such as Sr/Cu, Fe/Mn, and Si/Al ratios. , Generally, Sr/Cu ratios of 1.3–5.0 and >10.0 are related to warm/humid climates and cold/dry climates, respectively. Si/Al ratios of 0–4.0 indicate a humid climate and >4 suggests a dry climate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Si/Al ratios of 0–4.0 indicate a humid climate and >4 suggests a dry climate. In addition, the high Fe/Mn ratios usually reveal a warm and humid paleoclimate …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Loss on ignition (LOI) data were obtained by traditional calcination technology, and ashed samples were mixed with lithium tetraborate to completely remove the OM. Then, a Philips PW 2404 X-ray fluorescence spectrometer was used for major element analysis based on the GB/T14506.28-93 standard . The analysis error was less than 5%.…”

Section: Samples and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organic Matter Accumulation in the Youganwo Formation (Middle Eocene), Maoming Basin, South China: Constraints from Multiple Geochemical Proxies and Organic Petrology

Meng

et al. 2022

ACS Earth Space Chem.

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The lacustrine oil shales of the Youganwo Formation in the Maoming Basin, as an excellent continental sedimentary record of the middle Eocene, provide an interesting perspective for understanding the middle Eocene paleoclimate and organic matter (OM) accumulation in south China. Based on detailed organic petrology and geochemical analysis of the Jintang oil shales (JTOS) and the Yangjiao oil shales (YJOS), the paleoenvironment during the middle Eocene in South China was reconstructed, and control OM accumulation in the oil shales was revealed. These oil shales are characterized by high OM abundances (TOC: 8.2–21.4 wt %), kerogen types of I and II1, and are in the immature stage. The source OM was predominantly lacustrine endogenous OM (algae and bacteria). Element ratios (Sr/Cu, Fe/Mn, and Si/Al) indicate a warm paleoclimatic background during deposition of the Youganwo Formation, which is related to the Mid-Eocene Global Climatic Optimum. Representative indicators (Sr/Ba, 100*Mg/Al, Pr/Ph, DBT/P ratios; the covariant MoEF–UEF pattern) show that anoxic fresh water is dominant during the deposition of the Youganwo Formation. Sufficient nutrient supplies (P, Fe, Mn, Cu, etc.) were conducive to the flourishing of algae, which led to high lake bioproductivity. The relationships between the TOC content and paleoenvironmental indicators show that high bioproductivity and strong anoxic conditions are conducive to the formation of high abundance OM in the JTOS, whereas the dilution effect induced by the enhanced terrigenous detrital input reduced the OM accumulation in the YJOS. The comprehensive model of the paleoenvironment and OM accumulation further shows that under warm and humid climates, the dominant roles of bioproductivity and the important role of preservation conditions controlled OM accumulation in the oil shales in the Maoming Basin.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Si/Al ratios of 0–4.0 indicate a humid climate and >4 suggests a dry climate. In addition, the high Fe/Mn ratios usually reveal a warm and humid paleoclimate …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organic Matter Accumulation in the Youganwo Formation (Middle Eocene), Maoming Basin, South China: Constraints from Multiple Geochemical Proxies and Organic Petrology

Meng

et al. 2022

ACS Earth Space Chem.

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“…Ecologically, in warmer aquatic environments, fish scales tend to exhibit alternating light and dark patterns [15]. In the study of paleoclimate within the Nenjiang Formation, several indicators, including element ratios (Fe/Mn and Mg/Ca), the total organic matter (TOC), isotopic values (δ 13 C carb and δ 18 O carb ), and clay mineral composition of lacustrine carbonates, collectively suggested a warm paleoclimate during the late Cretaceous [33,34]. Therefore, the distinctive distribution pattern of growth rings may indeed indicate the relatively warm paleoclimate of that era.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

The age and growth information of a ctenoid scale fossil from the Upper Cretaceous Nenjiang Formation in Songliao Basin, China

Liu,

Li,

Reisz

2024

PLoS ONE

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The study of morphological characteristics and growth information in fish scales is a crucial component of modern fishery biological research, while it has been less studied in fossil materials. This paper presents a detailed morphological description and growth analysis of a fossil ctenoid scale obtained from the Upper Cretaceous Campanian lacustrine deposits in northeastern China. The morphological features of this fossil scale are well-preserved and consistent with the structures found in ctenoid scales of extant fish species and display prominent ring ornamentation radiating outward from the central focus, with grooves intersecting the rings. A comparative analysis of the morphological characteristics between the fossil ctenoid scale and those well-studied extant fish Mugilidae allows us to explore the applicability of modern fishery biological research methods to the field of fossil scales. The scale length, scale width, the vertical distance from the focus to the apex of the scale, and the total number of radii have been measured. The age of the fish that possessed this ctenoid scale has been estimated by carefully counting the annuli, suggesting an age equal to or more than seven years. The distribution of growth rings on the scale potentially reflects the warm paleoclimatic condition and fish-friendly paleoenvironment prevalent during that period. This paper, moreover, serves as a notable application of fishery biological methods in the examination of fossil materials.

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“…The Sr/Cu ratio is extensively used to differentiate between a hot-arid (Sr/Cu > 10) and a warm-humid (1.3-5.0) climate [83,84]. In our case, the results show that the Sr/Cu ratios for most of the studied Palana shales exhibit low Sr/Cu ratios of <5 (0.76-1.35), suggesting that a warm and humid climate prevailed during the deposition of the Palana black shale facies.…”

Section: Paleoclimate Evolution During the Paleocene-eocenementioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralogy and Geochemistry of the Paleocene–Eocene Palana Formation in Western Rajasthan, India: Insights for Sedimentary Paleoenvironmental Conditions and Volcanic Activity

Hakimi,

Kumar,

Alqubalee

et al. 2024

Minerals

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Organic-rich shale rocks from the Paleocene–Eocene Palana Formation in western Rajasthan, India, were systematically investigated based on inorganic and organic geochemistry combined with microscopic examinations to evaluate the sedimentary paleoenvironmental conditions and volcanic activity and their impact on the high organic carbon accumulation. The Palana shales are categorized by high organic matter (OM) and sulfur contents, with total values up to 36.23 wt.% and 2.24 wt.%, respectively. The richness of phytoplankton algae (i.e., telalginite and lamalginite) together with redox-sensitive trace elements further suggests a marine setting and anoxic environmental conditions during the Paleocene–Eocene. The significant low oxygen conditions may contribute to enhancing the preservation of organic matter during deposition. The mineralogical and inorganic geochemical indicators demonstrate that the Palana organic-rich shale facies was accumulated in a warm and humid climate with moderate salinity stratification conditions in the water columns, thereby contributing to the high bioproductivity of the phytoplankton algae blooms within the photic zone. The presence of significant contents of zeolite derived from volcanic material together with silica minerals such as apophyllite and tridymite in most of the Palana organic-rich shales indicates a volcanic origin and supports hydrothermal activities during the Paleocene–Eocene period. These volcanic activities in this case are considered the influx of large masses of nutrients into the photic zone due to the ash accumulation, as indicated by the presence of the zeolites in the Palana shales. Therefore, the high bio-productivity associated with effective OM preservation led to the organic carbon accumulation in the Palana Formation during the Paleocene–Eocene.

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The fluctuation of warm paleoclimatic controls on lacustrine carbonate deposition in the Late Cretaceous (late Santonian), Southern Songliao Basin, Northeast China

Cited by 6 publications

References 121 publications

Organic Matter Accumulation in the Youganwo Formation (Middle Eocene), Maoming Basin, South China: Constraints from Multiple Geochemical Proxies and Organic Petrology

Organic Matter Accumulation in the Youganwo Formation (Middle Eocene), Maoming Basin, South China: Constraints from Multiple Geochemical Proxies and Organic Petrology

The age and growth information of a ctenoid scale fossil from the Upper Cretaceous Nenjiang Formation in Songliao Basin, China

Mineralogy and Geochemistry of the Paleocene–Eocene Palana Formation in Western Rajasthan, India: Insights for Sedimentary Paleoenvironmental Conditions and Volcanic Activity

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