The Fluoride Content of Placental Tissue as Related to the Fluoride Content of Drinking Water

Urinary and plasma fluoride levels in pregnant women from Mexico City

“…Fluoride exposure in pregnant women, to our knowledge, has been reported in very few population-based studies (Caldera et al, 1988;Gardner et al, 1952;Gedalia et al, 1959;Malhotra et al, 1993). These studies are limited in that, for example, they generally date back several decades, provide incomplete data on socioeconomic or demographic variables that could help interpret exposures, and have methodological limitations (e.g., they lack robust sample sizes, multiple biomarkers, and repeated measures).…”

Caries in Deciduous Teeth in Relation to Maternal Ingestion of Fluoride

“…Evidence regarding transplacental passage of fluoride is conflicting. The existence of a placental barrier which mediates and perhaps impedes the transfer of the ion has been suggested (2,3). However, in man, a considerably higher cord-blood fluoride con¬ centration has been demonstrated with mothers exposed to fluoridated water throughout preg¬ nancy (4 However, the difference was well within chance limits (P>0.50).…”

Fluoridation of water-supplies.

“…The amounts of fluoride contained in placentae from women drinking water low in fluoride and women drinking water containing 1 p.p.m. of fluoride (Gardner et al, 1952), or taking sodium fluoride tablets (Feltman and Kosel, 1961) have been compared. When fluoride supplements are taken the placenta has been shown to contain up to 40% more fluoride, only some of which enters foetal blood.…”