The Fluoro-Thiazolylhydrazone Compound TSC-3C Inhibits Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) Cell Line Activity by Promoting Apoptosis, Regulating the MAPK Pathway and Inducing Mitochondrial Dysfunction

Abstract

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive cancer in women, and despite improved treatments, it remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. We and others have demonstrated that different hybrid compounds targeting PARP/MAPK or other pathways to inhibit cancer progression may lead to promising therapeutic results. We introduced fluorine to alter the physical properties of the compounds. TSC-3C was one of the generated compounds. Upon treatment with TSC-3C, MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation, invasion, and migration were inhibited. TSC-3C induced MDA-MB-231 cell mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis, which may be caused by reducing the level of phosphorylated p44/42 MAPK (ERK1/2) and increasing the level of p-JNK. The present study may help to elucidate the role of the MAPK pathway in the development of breast cancer and may promote further research on halogenated heterocyclic compounds for the treatment of breast cancer.

Development of the potential synthesized compound to cause triple negative breast cancer cell death through intrinsic apoptosis mechanism

“…A challenge that has been yet remained in healthcare is nding an effective therapy for aggressive breast tumors [28]. Amongst them, TNBC is the most invasive one associating with a poor perceived prognosis [29]. On the other hand, carcinoma occurs through deregulation of apoptosis.…”

Micronutrient Status and Breast Cancer: A Narrative Review

“…Scientists tested its impact on TNBC cells, and the results showed the inhibition of proliferation, migration, and invasion. Furthermore, fluoro-thiazolylhydrazone promoted the apoptotic rate by the mitochondria apoptosis pathway [282]. Considering the above-mentioned articles, fluorine's anticancer activity potential still remains not fully discovered, and its compounds are worthy of further analyses and are a hopeful direction for research on a cure against breast cancer progression.…”