The fluvial evolution of the Holocene Nile Delta

Elaia, Pergamon's maritime satellite: the rise and fall of an ancient harbour city shaped by shoreline migration

“…This approach has been widely adopted in Mediterranean coastal studies (e.g. Kraft et al, 2007;Goodman et al, 2008Goodman et al, , 2009Kayan, 2014;Marriner et al, 2014;Delile et al, 2015;Morhange et al, 2016;Evelpidou et al, 2017;Flaux et al, 2017;Giaime et al, 2017;Pennington et al, 2017;Seeliger et al, 2018) to investigate lateral and vertical changes in the sediment stratigraphy and to probe the evolution of the landscape, notably shoreline migration.…”

Aridification of the Egyptian Sahara 5000–4000 cal BP revealed from x-ray fluorescence analysis of Nile Delta sediments at Kom al-Ahmer/Kom Wasit

“…Similar deposits found from equivalent depths at Mahmudiya have also been interpreted as of fluvial origin (Said, 1981, pp.110-111). From 390cm to 680cm depth are a series of blue-black-grey (N 3/0) fine silts rich in organic matter (Unit G) which belong to the Bilqas 2 Member of the Bilqas Formation (Pennington et al, 2017). These are interpreted as representing a landscape dominated by extensive areas of swampy marshland and lakes, similar to that found in other locations nearby (Wunderlich, 1989;.…”

“…Above 390cm, Units H & I make up the Bilqas 1 Member and comprise micaceous brown silts hosting rhizoconcretions and pottery, but with less organic matter. It is thought that these represent a more terrestrial landscape than previously, and this upwards transition from Unit G to Units H & I was driven by decreasing rates of relative sea-level rise and changing Nile discharge (Pennington et al 2017). **FIGURES AT END** Fig.…”

“…Information from twenty-six boreholes has provided a perspective on the local palaeoenvironmental history of the area through time. This has been integrated with other work in the Nile Delta to be expressed within a regional framework (Pennington et al, 2017). The work comprised the first known geological and geoarchaeological research in this specific location, although palaeoenvironmental work has previously been carried out in the northern Nile Delta between Rosetta and Alexandria (Chen et al, 1992;Stanley et al, 1996;2004), to the west and south (Wilson, 2007;Wilson and Grigoropoulos, 2009) and in the vicinity of Mahmudiya (Said, 1981, pp.…”

Using a Multi-Proxy Approach to Detect and Date a Buried part of the Hellenistic City Wall of Ainos (NW Turkey)

“…Common dating methods are based on the investigation of their dimensions, especially width and course, gateways and towers, masonry style, as well as integrated pottery, inscriptions and spolia used [2].By applying a multi-proxy approach, this paper presents the results of a geoarchaeological, geophysical, microfaunal, and geochronological research on the buried part of the city wall in the south-western part of Ainos in order to (1) verify its construction style and age; (2) prove its further extension in less-studied and difficult-to-access areas; and (3) decipher the general landscape evolution in this part of the city during the past 5000 years. This approach has been widely adopted in Mediterranean coastal studies e.g., [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] to investigate lateral and vertical changes in the sediment stratigraphy and to probe the evolution of the landscape, notably coastline migration. Furthermore, Elaia [22], as well as Tayma [23], can act as valuable examples for investigating buried wall structures using a multi-proxy approach.…”