The Focal Electroretinogram in Fellow Eyes of Patients With Idiopathic Macular Holes

Birch, David G.

doi:10.1001/archopht.1988.01060140726043

Cited by 34 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…An estimate of macular hole diameter was made with a graticule by examining fundus photographs [9]. In all affected eyes (n = 24), the hole diameter was between 2 ~ and 3 ~ All patients had clear optical media.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 41%

“…Both OLHs and ILHs may induce a variable degree of visual dysfunction and may progress to full-thickness macular holes [7]. In patients with full-thickness macular holes, both FERGs and PERGs have proven to be useful for detecting a retinal dysfunction within the fovea [9,10] or the macular region [11]. In patients with lamellar macular holes, no such studies have been performed.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 43%

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Macular electroretinograms to flicker and pattern stimulation in lamellar macular holes

et al. 1992

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Steady-state macular (9 degrees x 9 degrees) electroretinograms in response to either sinusoidal flicker (focal electroretinogram) or counterphased sinusoidal gratings (pattern electroretinogram) were recorded in 14 patients with inner lamellar macular holes, in 4 patients with full-thickness macular holes and in 14 age-matched controls. Fourier analysis of focal and pattern electroretinograms yielded three main components: a first and a second harmonic to flicker, and a second harmonic to pattern. Recent evidence indicates that the first harmonic to flicker is of receptoral origin, whereas the flicker and pattern second harmonics represent, at least in part, the activity of different generators in the inner retina. When compared to controls, patients with inner lamellar holes showed significant amplitude reduction and phase delay for both flicker and pattern second harmonics, but not for the flicker first harmonic. Patients with full-thickness holes showed significant amplitude reduction also for the flicker first harmonic. These results indicate a prevalent functional involvement of the inner retina in lamellar macular holes, which can be clinically detected by evaluating focal and pattern electroretinogram second harmonics.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 41%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 43%

Macular electroretinograms to flicker and pattern stimulation in lamellar macular holes

et al. 1992

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“…This was attributed to the relatively large size of the foveal stimulus (3 ~ compared with the size of some of the macular holes. In a study by Birch et al it was found that the foveal ERG amplitude was inversely proportional to the diameter of the full-thickness macular hole [31]. In a prospective study, these investigators found that foveal ERG amplitudes from the fellow eyes of patients with unilateral macular holes were significantly related to subsequent formation of macular holes in the fellow eyes [31].…”

Section: Other Retinal Diseasessupporting

confidence: 39%

The clinical utility of the foveal electroretinogram: A review

Biersdorf

1989

Doc Ophthalmol

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The historical development of the foveal electroretinogram is reviewed. The factors required to obtain a local cone electroretinogram with a small focal source of illumination against a lighted background are discussed. From these considerations and various studies of macular degeneration, the optimal size of the foveal source is found to be 5 degrees diameter or less. Applications of the foveal electroretinogram in various diseases are summarized. The foveal electroretinogram is abnormal with reduced acuity in age-related macular degeneration, juvenile macular degeneration (Stargardt's disease), retinitis pigmentosa, and diabetic retinopathy. Normal foveal electroretinograms are found in optic atrophy, amblyopia, and optic neuritis. Foveal electroretinograms are normal or abnormal in Best's disease, central serous retinopathy, and several other diseases discussed.

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“…However, because those authors used full-field stimula tion to elicit the ERG, it was diffcult to record the electrical activity of the detached retina separately from that of the sur rounding attached retina. Several recent investigations [4][5][6] showed that it was possible to obtain clinically useful focal electroretinograms (FERG) from the macula by using com puter averaging and improving the signal-to-noisc ratio. In the case of detachment involving the macula, even a small disruption of the retina may have a profound effect on visual recovery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 46%

Electrical Responses from Locally Detached Retina and Its Recovery after Reattachment

et al. 1996

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Alterations in the focal electroretinogram (FERG) after experimental retinal detachment and spontaneous reattachment in albino rabbits were studied. Retinal detachments of two disc diameters were produced by injecting balanced salt solution into the subretinal space. FERGs were obtained under direct fundus visualization by an infrared television fundus camera with a light stimulator. The pre-operative b-wave amplitude and implicit time were 0.52 ± 0.07 µV and 59.7 ± 3.8 ms (mean ± SD), respectively. Thirty minutes after retinal detachment, the amplitude decreased significantly to 0.05 ± 0.09 µV (p < 0.0001). The next day, we confirmed retinal reattachment ophthalmoscopically and the amplitude recovered to 0.30 ± 0.07 µV Then it gradually increased to 0.54 ± 0.07 µV 7 days after the operation. The implicit time increased significantly to 66.6 ± 4.1 ms 30min after retinal detachment (p < 0.01), was maximal the day after surgery (69.9 ± 4.9 ms), and thereafter shortened. However, the implicit time did not recover completely and was significantly delayed compared with preoperatively even 28 days postoperatively (65.4 ± 3.4 ms, p < 0.01). These data suggest that functional abnormalities persist in the reattached rabbit retina, even following a brief retinal detachment.

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The Focal Electroretinogram in Fellow Eyes of Patients With Idiopathic Macular Holes

Cited by 34 publications

References 19 publications

Macular electroretinograms to flicker and pattern stimulation in lamellar macular holes

Macular electroretinograms to flicker and pattern stimulation in lamellar macular holes

The clinical utility of the foveal electroretinogram: A review

Electrical Responses from Locally Detached Retina and Its Recovery after Reattachment

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