The for a sen specimen under nonproportionally applied bending and tension

An extension of the tearing instability theory to multiple loading parameters

“…One can therefore conclude that the advantage of the tearing modulus over the general mechanical instability concept is greater for the multi parameter than for the one parameter case. This is correct, of course, only under the condition that J and T can be used at all under non proportional loading, [1]. Finally it is worth pointing out that even though T is difficult to apply in it's strictest forms it is still an excellent tool for understanding instability in cracked components and for studying the influence of different parameters.…”

“…Kaiser and Carlsson [2] and Ernst [3] discussed the connection between the tearing modulus and the simple stability criterion: dA C < -d~ (1) where C is the elastic compliance of the structure and dA/dP is the slope of the Figure 1 descending part of the load-displacement curve of the cracked part. Equation (1) is valid both under controlled displacement if C is the compliance in series with the specimen, and under controlled load if C is the parallel compliance.…”

“…In this case C12 ~< 0 since P2 lessens A 1 (and vice versa), the special case when the specimen is loaded by two springs, as in Fig bending and tension can be described as an interaction curve between P1 and P2 [1], Fig. 4.…”

“…In [1] the J-integral under non proportionally applied bending and tension of a SEN specimen was studied, and proved to give reasonable results. In the present study the problem of the stability of the crack growth is considered.…”

Studies of stable crack growth under two independent loads

“…The combined bending and tension problem has been discussed earlier in [1][2][3], where analytical and numerical results are presented. This is an important practical problem.…”