The forewing of Cacopsylla mali (Schmidberger 1836) (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha) – a morphological and histological study

Franielczyk-Pietyra, Barbara; Węgierek, Piotr

doi:10.1016/j.jcz.2018.12.003

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Forewing formation may have proceeded independently in these four groups (Franielczyk and Wegierek 2016, 2017, 2019Franielczyk-Pietyra et al 2018a, b). It is reflected by both axillary sclerites and the differences between forewing surface.…”

Section: A Comparison Of Forewing Characters In All Examined Sternorrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8) are based on detailed analysis of examined species (LM and SEM analysis). These photos are the part of our previous articles about forewings in aphids (Franielczyk-Pietyra and Wegierek 2017), psyllids (Franielczyk-Pietyra and Wegierek 2019) and coccoids (Franielczyk-Pietyra et al 2018b). All figures were made in dorsal view of the wing surface.…”

Section: Forewing Veins In Sternorrhynchamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within Sternorrhyncha, wing surface is covered by various structures (Gullan and Martin 2009). Psyllids are typically endowed with numerous spines and papillae, as well as stripes resembling scratches but only several hairs (Klimaszewski 1975;Franielczyk-Pietyra and Wegierek 2019). Among coccoids, only neococcoids have short hairs (microtrichia); in the primitive groups of archeococcoids, these structures are absent, except for a few fossil families (Grimaldiellidae, Electrococcidae, Phenacoleachiidae) (Koteja and Azar 2008).…”

Section: A Comparison Of Forewing Characters In All Examined Sternorrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8a) and aphids (Fig. 8b) have wings supported by the largest number of veins, which are large in cross section (psyllids) (Franielczyk-Pietyra and Wegierek 2019) or covered by ring-like elements (aphids) (Franielczyk-Pietyra and Wegierek 2017). On the contrary, coccoids ( Fig.…”

Section: A Comparison Of Forewing Characters In All Examined Sternorrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8b). In C. mali (Schmidberger 1836) (Franielczyk-Pietyra and Wegierek 2019), the common stem (also R + M+CuA) is divided dichotomously-the first branch is R and the second M + CuA. Both branches are later divided into individual ones (Fig.…”

Section: Veins Layoutmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphological and histological study of the forewing of Aleyrodes proletella (Linnaeus 1758) (Sternorrhyncha, Hemiptera) with a comparative analysis of forewings among Sternorrhyncha infraorders

2019

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Identification of whiteflies is based mainly on larval stages and generally very little is known about wings of these insects. Therefore, both sides of the forewings of Aleyrodes proletella were studied using histological methods, light and scanning electron microscopes. Studies confirm the occurrence of only three veins on forewings: the costal, radial and anal ones; only the anal vein lies under the anal fold. A campaniform and trichoid sensilla are present. The shape of wax secretions and wing margins is described. The comparative analysis of forewing structures contains new data for all Sternorrhyncha infraorders. The current results confirm the monophyly of the group, but place aphids closer to psyllids. The analysis of forewing base indicates that its general model is similar among Sternorrhyncha, but there occur some intergroup differences. Ways of wing folding depend on the structure of thorax.

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Section: A Comparison Of Forewing Characters In All Examined Sternorrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Forewing Veins In Sternorrhynchamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Comparison Of Forewing Characters In All Examined Sternorrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Comparison Of Forewing Characters In All Examined Sternorrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Veins Layoutmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphological and histological study of the forewing of Aleyrodes proletella (Linnaeus 1758) (Sternorrhyncha, Hemiptera) with a comparative analysis of forewings among Sternorrhyncha infraorders

2019

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Flat does not mean 2D: Using X‐ray microtomography to study insect wings in 3D as a model for comparative studies

et al. 2023

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While not generally used for relatively flat structures, X‐ray microtomography can provide decisive insights for comparative anatomy and evolutionary studies of flat structures, thereby solving long‐standing ecological and evolutionary issues. This is particularly true for the study of insect wings, organs that have played a central role in the evolution and ecological success of insects, the first organisms to develop powered flight. We present the challenges inherent in studying insect wings by microtomography, as well as solutions to overcome them. We highlight the impact of insect preparation (i.e. dry or ethanol‐preserved specimens, complete specimens or only part of the wings, wings stained with iodine or with a 0.3% solution of phosphotungtic acid—PTA) and of the acquisition mode (phase contrast or not), on scan quality and ease of interpretation. We compare our results with those obtained by more ‘traditional’ techniques, based on examination of the wings with a binocular or SEM microscope. We show that X‐ray microtomography is effective in establishing vein homologies—a crucial step in many evolutionary studies in insects—by accessing the internal structures of the wing base itself, where veins originate. It can also be used for difficult tasks such as distinguishing between crossveins and main veins, establishing vein polarity (i.e. concave vs. convex veins) or vein fusions, situations that complicate the establishment of vein homology hypotheses and the completion of subsequent evolutionary studies. Unstained, ethanol‐preserved specimens give the least conclusive results, while dry specimens and ethanol‐preserved wings stained with PTA give the best results. We show that 3D tools provide crucial insights for the study of insect wings, illustrating how CT‐scan tools may contribute to a change in dimension, introducing quantification and functional approaches and hopefully stimulating new studies for other seemingly 2D organs in several other fields, including plant studies. We highlight, nonetheless, that this tool must be used in coordination with more traditional observational techniques, at least for insect wings, to provide a more complete picture of these fundamental organs.

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To be or not to be: postcubital vein in insects revealed by microtomography

Schubnel

Desutter‐Grandcolas

Legendre

et al. 2019

Systematic Entomology

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To better understand insect evolution, fossils – mainly known by their wings – must be used as terminals in phylogenetic analyses. Such analyses are, however, rarely performed because of a lack of consensus on the homology of venation in insects. Researchers do not agree with the current concept on the exact number and identity of the main veins. Here, we confirm the presence, which has been in question since the early 20th century, of an independent main postcubital vein (PCu vein) between the cubital and anal veins (29 fossil and extant examined orders; > 85% of observed insects). The PCu vein corresponds to the so‐called vein 1A or first anal vein. It is easily identified by the unique shape of its bulla. It may have several branches and be partially fused with the cubital and anal veins. Once the PCu vein was identified, we reconsidered as an example the particular case of the Phasmatodea, showing that extant stick insects have a unique venation among insects, with a reduced median vein and a simple cubital vein adjacent or fused to the PCu vein. This study is a new approach towards resolving wing vein homology issues, crucial for future large‐scale phylogenetic analyses in insects combining extant and extinct taxa.

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The forewing of Cacopsylla mali (Schmidberger 1836) (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha) – a morphological and histological study

Cited by 4 publications

References 15 publications

Morphological and histological study of the forewing of Aleyrodes proletella (Linnaeus 1758) (Sternorrhyncha, Hemiptera) with a comparative analysis of forewings among Sternorrhyncha infraorders

Morphological and histological study of the forewing of Aleyrodes proletella (Linnaeus 1758) (Sternorrhyncha, Hemiptera) with a comparative analysis of forewings among Sternorrhyncha infraorders

Flat does not mean 2D: Using X‐ray microtomography to study insect wings in 3D as a model for comparative studies

To be or not to be: postcubital vein in insects revealed by microtomography

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