“…It has been accepted that sandy beach macroinfauna is regulated by hydrodynamic processes, such as tides and swash climates, and the associated beach morphological characteristics, including sediment grain size, beach length and beach-face slope (Brazeiro, 2005;Cardoso & Veloso, 2003;Colombini et al, 2002;Defeo & McLachlan, 2005;Jaramillo, McLachlan, & Dugan, 1995;Lastra et al, 2006;Lozoya, Gómez, & Defeo, 2010;McLachlan, 1990;McLachlan & Defeo, 2018;Scapini, 2014;Schlacher & Thompson, 2013). The associated gradients/ variations of abiotic environments, such as water content, sediment temperature, pH and sediment hardness/compaction of surficial sediments are known to affect the distributions of sandy beach macroinfauna (Celentano et al, 2019;Jaramillo, McLachlan, & Coetzee, 1993;Pavesi, Iannilli, Zarattini, & De Matthaeis, 2007;Sassa & Yang, 2019a;Scapini, Degli, & Defeo, 2019;Tsubokura, Goshima, & Nakao, 1997). Relatively few studies have examined how changes in the geophysical environments can exert control on the distributions and diversity of sandy beach macroinfauna.…”