The formation and characterization of fretting-induced degradation layers using quenched and tempered steel

Nurmi, Verner; Hintikka, Jouko; Juoksukangas, Janne; Honkanen, Mari; Vippola, Minnamari; Lehtovaara, Arto; Mäntylä, Antti; Vaara, Joona; Frondelius, Tero

doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2018.09.012

Cited by 28 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…It is characterized by presence of metal surfaces covered by thin oxide films where abrasive-oxidative wear is predominant. On the other hand, adhesive wear prevails when metal-metal contact takes place generating hard tribologically transformed structures (TTS) [6][7][8]. The transition in wear mechanisms under fretting loadings can be clarified by the "Contact Oxygenation Concept" (COC) which was proposed by Fouvry and co-authors [9] as a general description of the effect of "air distilling" and "oxygen exclusion" within the interface which were formerly observed by Mary et al [10] and Shipway and co-workers [11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling adhesive wear extension in fretting interfaces: An advection-dispersion-reaction contact oxygenation approach

Baydoun

Arnaud

Fouvry

2020

Tribology International

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This paper aims at modelling contact oxygenation concept (COC) which describes the effects of fretting loading conditions on di-oxygen flow within the interface and the associated partition between abrasive and adhesive wear domains in fretting wear scars. This is achieved by modelling oxygen transport within fretting interface using an advection-dispersion-reaction approach (ADR) by considering debris bed as a compact porous medium traversed by atmospheric gases. ADR model is calibrated using three fretting tests of flat-on-flat 34NiCrMo16 interface. Results show that ADR approach can predict the partition of abrasion and adhesion for wide range of sliding frequencies, normal forces and contact sizes. Besides, it can capture the transition of wear mechanisms from pure abrasive to mixed abrasive-adhesive wear at different loading conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling adhesive wear extension in fretting interfaces: An advection-dispersion-reaction contact oxygenation approach

Baydoun

Arnaud

Fouvry

2020

Tribology International

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“…As such, martensite is widely considered to be a source of galling resistance in stainless steels since the reduction in galling resistance correlates with the reduction in SIM formation at elevated temperatures [19]. This heavily sheared region is similar in appearance to the sub-surface microstructural changes observed after fretting, termed the white layer [20,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interaction of galling and oxidation in 316L stainless steel

Rogers

Bowden

Unnikrishnan

et al. 2020

Wear

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The galling behaviour of 316L stainless steel was investigated in both the unoxidised and oxidised states, after exposure in simulated PWR water for 850 h. Galling testing was performed according to ASTM G196 in ambient conditions. 316L was found to gall by the wedge growth and flow mechanism in both conditions. This resulted in folds ahead of the prow and adhesive junction, forming a heavily sheared multilayered prow. The galling trough was seen to have failed through successive shear failure during wedge flow. Immediately beneath the surface a highly sheared nanocrystalline layer was seen, termed the tribologically affected zone (TAZ). It was observed that strain-induced martensite formed within the TAZ. Galling damage was quantified using R t (maximum height -maximum depth) and galling area (the proportion of the sample which is considered galled), and it was shown that both damage measures decreased significantly on the oxidised samples. At an applied normal stress of 4.2 MPa the galled area was 14 % vs. 1.2 % and the R t was 780 µm vs. 26 µm for the unoxidised and oxidised sample respectively. This trend was present at higher applied normal stresses, although less prominent. This difference in galling behaviour is likely to be a result of a reduction in adhesion in the case of the oxidised surface.

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“…Fretting is defined as small amplitude relative oscillatory motion between two contacting bodies that gives rise to both wear and fatigue in a wide range of industrial contexts, the understanding and mitigation of which have been the subject of extensive study. It is well known that fretting conditions can result in substantial subsurface damage [1,2], and in contrast to sliding wear, the small relative displacements that characterise fretting have a significant impact on the development of wear through the behaviour of wear debris in the contact itself; specifically, a proportion of wear debris is entrapped in the contact and thus modifies the nature of the contact, whilst the remaining debris is ejected from the contact and thus ceases to play a direct role in the subsequent wear process [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Debris development in fretting contacts – Debris particles and debris beds

Kirk

Shipway

Sun

et al. 2020

Tribology International

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Response to reviewers' commentsWe would like to thank the reviewers and the editor for their input on the paper, and for the opportunity to make minor revisions to the text. We appreciate both reviewers' positive comments regarding the overall content of the paper, and have implemented the sole change recommended which is summarised below:We are familiar with the work of Arnaud and Fouvry et al., whose recent work on debris the reviewer has identified as being relevant to the present work. Of the papers we have identified by these authors there is one paper in particular that we have deemed to be of particular relevance, and have therefore made reference to the contribution of this work to the understanding of contact oxygenation in the discussion section of the revised manuscript. Reference has also been made to the work of Warmuth et al. which is cited in the aforementioned paper and that we consider to also be highly relevant to the subject of contact oxygenation and the formation of metallic wear debris.The original text from the reviewer is in standard font, whilst our responses are in italics. Revisions to the manuscript are highlighted. Reviewers' commentsReviewer #1: Very nice work and paper. One comment -Please refer to and discuss, as appropriate, the recent work on debris by Arnaud and Fouvry et al.Response : We are grateful to the reviewer for their recommendation -we are familiar with the work of Arnaud and Fouvry et al., and have identified one paper as being of particular relevance to the present work. As such, we have made a note to this effect in the discussion section of the revised manuscript."An increase in metal-metal contact as a result of increased contact conformity in fretting of steels was observed by Warmuth et al. [26], with the authors attributing the effect to restricted oxygen access to the contact inhibiting the formation of oxide debris, with recent work by Fouvry et al. [27] noting a similar phenomenon in fretting of titanium contacts, relating the effect not only to contact size but other sliding conditions affecting contact oxygenation." (Section 4, page 8) Reviewer #2: The present study investigates the role of fretting contact parameters on the formation of third body wear debris and subsequent surface transformation / debris particle beds for steelsteel contacts. The conclusions presented are well thought out and supported by the data which has

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The formation and characterization of fretting-induced degradation layers using quenched and tempered steel

Cited by 28 publications

References 24 publications

Modelling adhesive wear extension in fretting interfaces: An advection-dispersion-reaction contact oxygenation approach

Modelling adhesive wear extension in fretting interfaces: An advection-dispersion-reaction contact oxygenation approach

The interaction of galling and oxidation in 316L stainless steel

Debris development in fretting contacts – Debris particles and debris beds

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