The Formation of All-Silk Composites and Time–Temperature Superposition

Abstract

Extensive studies have been conducted on utilising natural fibres as reinforcement in composite production. All-polymer composites have attracted much attention because of their high strength, enhanced interfacial bonding and recyclability. Silks, as a group of natural animal fibres, possess superior properties, including biocompatibility, tunability and biodegradability. However, few review articles are found on all-silk composites, and they often lack comments on the tailoring of properties through controlling the volume fraction of the matrix. To better understand the fundamental basis of the formation of silk-based composites, this review will discuss the structure and properties of silk-based composites with a focus on employing the time–temperature superposition principle to reveal the corresponding kinetic requirements of the formation process. Additionally, a variety of applications derived from silk-based composites will be explored. The benefits and constraints of each application will be presented and discussed. This review paper will provide a useful overview of research on silk-based biomaterials.

A Simplified Method for the Preparation of Highly Conductive and Flexible Silk Nanofibrils/MXene Membrane

“…Herein, we set our eyes on nature because, with thousands of years of evolution and natural selection, natural biomaterials have evolved a quantity of impressed functional materials with specific construction, such as spider silk [4], lotus leaves [5], and natural silkworm silk. Silk nanofibril (SNF), as an organic matter, with favorable degradability [6,7] coincides with the concepts of green chemistry and sustainable development, and, at the same time, its high mechanical properties [8][9][10][11][12] and outstanding biocompatibility [13] make it have great potential in the fields of tissue engineering [14][15][16], drug delivery [17], electronic materials [7,18,19], membrane separation technology [20], biomedical devices [21] and hematology [22,23].…”

Natural Fibers Composites: Origin, Importance, Consumption Pattern, and Challenges

“…Hardy and Scheibel gave a detailed review of silk protein applications [104]. Finally, the formation of all-silk composites and the time-temperature superposition were reviewed by King et al [105].…”

Materials, Weaving Parameters, and Tensile Responses of Woven Textiles

“…Figure 6. Chemical structures of some fiber components: cellulose [51]; keratin [52]; lignin [53]; and fibroin [54].…”

“…It is expressed as a percentage (Equation ( 1)) as the difference between the entire length of a fiber (L0) and its length when it is weaved within the fabric structure (L1) of the entire length of fiber: Figure 6. Chemical structures of some fiber components: cellulose [51]; keratin [52]; lignin [53]; and fibroin [54].…”