The Formation of Bilirubin From Hemoglobin in Vivo*

Ostrow, J. Donald; Jandl, James H.; Schmid, Rudi

doi:10.1172/jci104620

Cited by 132 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…The rapidity of this process made it seem unlikely that ELP is related to degradation of hemoglobin or heme formed during erythroid maturation in the bone marrow (24,53). This was further supported by the finding that ELP formation during the initial 3j hours generally was unaffected by stimulation or suppression of erythropoiesis (Figures 7-9, Tables I and III).…”

Section: Stimulation and Suppression Of Erythropoiesismentioning

confidence: 77%

The sources of bile pigment in the rat: studies of the "early labeled" fraction.

Robinson¹,

Tsong²,

Brown³

et al. 1966

J. Clin. Invest.

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Section: Stimulation and Suppression Of Erythropoiesismentioning

confidence: 77%

The sources of bile pigment in the rat: studies of the "early labeled" fraction.

Robinson¹,

Tsong²,

Brown³

et al. 1966

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…Bilirubin was crystallized (6) from hepatic bile pooled from six to nine animals, its specific activity was determined, and the per cent of total bile radioactivity in bilirubin calculated (18).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absorption of Bile Pigments by the Gall Bladder*

Ostrow¹

1967

J. Clin. Invest.

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Abstract. A technique is described for preparation in the guinea pig of an in situ, isolated, vascularized gall bladder that exhibits normal absorptive functions. Absorption of labeled bile pigments from the gall bladder was determined by the subsequent excretion of radioactivity in hepatic bile.Over a wide range of concentrations, unconjugated bilirubin-14C was well absorbed, whereas transfer of conjugated bilirubin proceeded slowly. Mesobilirubinogen-8H was absorbed poorly from whole bile, but was absorbed as rapidly as unconjugated bilirubin from a solution of pure conjugated bile salt.Bilirubin absorption was not impaired by iodoacetamide, 1.5 mm, or dinitrophenol, 1.0 mm, even though water transport was affected. This indicated that absorption of bilirubin was not dependent upon water transport, nor upon energy-dependent processes. The linear relationship between absorption and concentration of pigment at low concentrations in bile salt solutions suggested that pigment was transferred by passive diffusion. At higher pigment concentrations or in whole bile, this simple relationship was modified by interactions of pigment with bile salts and other constituents of bile. These interactions did not necessarily involve binding of bilirubin in micelles.The slow absorption of the more polar conjugates and photo-oxidative derivatives of bilirubin suggested that bilirubin was absorbed principally by nonionic, and partially, by ionic diffusion.Concentrations of pure conjugated bile salts above 3.5 mm were found to be injurious to the gall bladder mucosa. This mucosal injury did not affect the kinetics of bilirubin absorption.During in vitro incubation of bile at 370C, decay of bilirubin and hydrolysis of the conjugate proceeded as first-order reactions. The effects of these processes on the kinetics of bilirubin absorption, and their possible role in the formation of "white bile" and in the demonstrated appearance of unconjugated bilirubin in hepatic bile, are discussed.

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“…These compounds are structurally related to bilirubin, the principal mammalian bile pigment derived from hemoglobin in senescent erythrocytes (1,14, 18,19). It is known that CO is produced endogenously in normal man (24), and that approximately 1 mole of CO is produced per mole of heme catabolized (2, 1 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of Carbon Monoxide and Bile Pigment in Red and Blue-Green Algae

Troxler

Dokos²

1973

Plant Physiol.

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Five blue-green and one red algal species produced carbon monoxide during photosynthetic growth. The blue-green algae synthesized CO and phycocyanobilin in equimolar quantities at identical rates. The red alga, Porphyridium cruentum, incorporated z-aminolevulinic acid-5-14C into phycoerythrobilin and CO. The ratio of the specific radioactivity of phycoerythrobilin to that of CO, and the kinetics and stoichiometry of phycocyanobilin and CO formation suggest that linear tetrapyrroles in plants are derived by the porphyrin pathway via the intermediate formation of heme. The similarity between bile pigment production in algae and in mammalian systems is discussed.Phycocyanobilin and phycoerythrobilin are linear tetrapyrroles covalently linked to apoproteins occurring in the photosynthetic apparatus of red, blue-green, and cryptomonad algae (17). These compounds are structurally related to bilirubin, the principal mammalian bile pigment derived from hemoglobin in senescent erythrocytes (1,14, 18,19). It is known that CO is produced endogenously in normal man (24), and that approximately 1 mole of CO is produced per mole of heme catabolized (2, 1 1). CO formation has been described in algae (6,12,15), in fungi (23, 33), and in higher plants (22,34). CO produced in the fungus, Aspergillus niger, has been shown to arise from the breakdown of rutin to phloroglucinol and protocatechuic acid (23). Nevertheless, in most reports concerning algae and higher plants, the metabolic origin of CO has not been established. We have shown that in the green algae, Cyanidium caldarium, CO is a by-product of phycocyanobilin formation (31). The present paper describes some quantitative and kinetic parameters of CO and bile pigment formation in five species of blue-green algae and in the red alga, Porphyridium cruentum.

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The Formation of Bilirubin From Hemoglobin in Vivo*

Cited by 132 publications

References 25 publications

The sources of bile pigment in the rat: studies of the "early labeled" fraction.

The sources of bile pigment in the rat: studies of the "early labeled" fraction.

Absorption of Bile Pigments by the Gall Bladder*

Formation of Carbon Monoxide and Bile Pigment in Red and Blue-Green Algae

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